[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.0 最后修改:2007.08.06 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我一直习惯用phpMyAdmin对MySQL数据库进行管理,曾修改了一个《可管理多台远程MySQL服务器的phpMyAdmin 2.10.2》。但有些机器上因为安全等因素,只设置了允许从本机访问自身的MySQL端口,而且没有安装Apache和PHP,因而不能使用phpMyAdmin。于是,我只好使用命令行方式来对MySQL数据库进行管理。为了方便以后从命令行操作数据库可以更方便(拷贝、粘贴),我写下了这篇文章。

一、从命令行登录MySQL数据库服务器
1、登录使用默认3306端口的MySQL
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

2、通过TCP连接管理不同端口的多个MySQL(注意:MySQL4.1以上版本才有此项功能)
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p --protocol=tcp --host=localhost --port=3307

3、通过socket套接字管理不同端口的多个MySQL
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p --socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock

4、通过端口和IP管理不同端口的多个MySQL
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -P 3306 -h 127.0.0.1



二、数据库操作SQL语句
1、显示服务器上当前存在什么数据库
SHOW DATABASES;

2、创建名称为rewin的数据库
CREATE DATABASE rewin;

3、删除名称为rewin的数据库
DROP DATABASE rewin;

4、选择rewin数据库
USE rewin;



三、表操作SQL语句(登录之后必须用以上的USE命令选择一个数据库,再进行表操作)
1、显示当前数据库中存在什么表
SHOW TABLES;

2、创建数据库表zhangyan:在mysql>后粘贴以下SQL语句,存储引擎为MYISAM,字段id为主键、唯一索引。
CREATE TABLE `zhangyan` (
`id` INT( 5 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
`username` VARCHAR( 20 ) NOT NULL ,
`password` CHAR( 32 ) NOT NULL ,
`time` DATETIME NOT NULL ,
`number` FLOAT( 10 ) NOT NULL ,
`content` TEXT NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;

3、查看zhangyan表结构
DESCRIBE zhangyan;

4、从表中检索信息
4.1、从zhangyan表中检索所有记录
SELECT * FROM zhangyan;

4.2、从zhangyan表中检索特定的行:字段username等于abc,字段number等于1,按字段id降序排列
SELECT * FROM zhangyan WHERE username = 'abc' AND number='1' ORDER BY id DESC;

4.3、从zhangyan表中检索指定的字段:username和password
SELECT username, password FROM zhangyan;

4.4、从zhangyan表中检索出唯一的不重复记录:
SELECT DISTINCT username FROM zhangyan;

5、插入信息到zhangyan表
INSERT INTO zhangyan (id, username, password, time, number, content) VALUES ('', 'abc', '123456', '2007-08-06 14:32:12', '23.41', 'hello world');

6、更新zhangyan表中的指定信息
UPDATE zhangyan SET content = 'hello china' WHERE username = 'abc';

7、删除zhangyan表中的指定信息
DELETE FROM zhangyan WHERE id = 1;

8、清空zhangyan表
DELETE FROM zhangyan;

9、删除zhangyan表
DROP TABLE zhangyan;

10、更改表结构,将zhangyan表username字段的字段类型改为CHAR(25)
ALTER TABLE zhangyan CHANGE username username CHAR(25);

11、将当前目录下的mysql.sql导入数据库
SOURCE ./mysql.sql;



四、数据库权限操作SQL语句
1、创建一个具有root权限,可从任何IP登录的用户sina,密码为zhangyan
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'sina'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangyan' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH   PRIVILEGES;

2、创建一个具有“数据操作”、“结构操作”权限,只能从192.168.1.***登录的用户sina,密码为zhangyan
GRANT SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE , FILE , CREATE , DROP , INDEX , ALTER , CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES , CREATE VIEW , SHOW VIEW , CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EXECUTE ON *.* TO 'sina'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangyan';

3、创建一个只拥有“数据操作”权限,只能从192.168.1.24登录,只能操作rewin数据库的zhangyan表的用户sina,密码为zhangyan
GRANT SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE ON  rewin.zhangyan TO 'sina'@'192.168.1.24' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangyan';

4、创建一个拥有“数据操作”、“结构操作”权限,可从任何IP登录,只能操作rewin数据库的用户sina,密码为zhangyan
GRANT SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE , CREATE , DROP , INDEX , ALTER , CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES , CREATE VIEW , SHOW VIEW , CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EXECUTE ON rewin.* TO 'sina'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangyan';

5、删除用户
DROP USER 'sina'@'%';


PS:如果想了解更多的MySQL操作资料,请参考MySQL官方的中文参考手册


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技术大类 » 数据库技术 | 评论(55) | 引用(7) | 阅读(56822)
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