[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8717) | 引用(0) | 阅读(843809)
Jones Wilson Email Homepage
2019-12-29 15:49
There are specific dissertation web-sites by using the online world to build safeguarded web saved with your website online.Regards,www.norton.com/setupoffice.com/setup
JSC Result Email Homepage
2019-12-31 00:32
As per the information available, the PSC exams are over conducted from 17th to 24th of November 2019 as every year. In the same way, the PSC result 2019 is expected on 4th Week of December 2019. Ministry of Primary and Mass Education along with the officials will come up with the PSC exam result in the online.

Students can check their JSC Result 2019 and JDC result on 31st December 2019 i.e., on the same day as per the latest news. After the result is briefed to the media, it will be published in the online at official websites. So, stay tuned to the JSC Result Publish Date and check your scores as soon as they are declared.
Install vipre Email Homepage
2019-12-31 15:15
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-12-31 15:18
You will need Mcafee subscription activated to protect your device fully against online threats on all devices whether windows, linux or mac. Mcafee.com/activate
organicforest Email Homepage
2019-12-31 15:19
The organic forest gives you the concept of a healthy lifestyle. we believe that people deserve to get the best and in a healthy manner. All our product ingredients are plant-based certified organic all-natural and vegan.https://www.theorganicforest.com
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-12-31 15:35
Go to Mcafee antivirus setup icon and double click on setup, a new window will open that will ask for entering 25 character alphanumeric key to activate it. Follow the onscreen instruction and get protect your device.https://mcafee-activation.com
Divine Skin Email
2019-12-31 18:35
School ERP Software is the best and efficiently operating school management software. Every School and college is facing issues regarding the proper management of their day to day activities, student or management, either it can be a teacher. So our company are developed the school management software is important for every school can use and handle this software easilyhttps://www.alphainfotech.com/
alienhalek Email Homepage
2020-1-2 14:25
Super KamagraWant to 60 Minute Erection without loss stamina??? Buy Super Kamagra which perfect ED treatment for men.Check out Side effects, reviews & Mega OFFERSSuper P Force Want to increase erection time before early discharge? Buy Super P Force tablets at the trusted generic store. Apply Coupon code & Get extra 20% OFFVilitra 40 Mg Reliable place to buy Vilitra 40 with PayPal & credit card also check out uses, side effects & offers. The Offer is valid till  midnightVilitra 60 Mg Want to increase 3.5 to 7 inches without side effects??? buy Vilitra 60 which is perfect ED treatment for Men's. check out Reviews, Price or OFFERS
kenbkutler04 Email Homepage
2020-1-2 15:01
Poxet 90 Mg Want to 60 Minute Erection without loss stamina??? Buy Poxet 90 (Dapoxetine) which is helping to cure erectile dysfunction for men. +
razmaz Email Homepage
2020-1-2 15:32
Razmaz deals with a classic range of sunglasses. Our online shop gives you access to quality sunglasses at affordable prices.Get all types of sunglasses for your choices. Buy men's sunglasses online we have a huge collection of men's designer sunglasses at the best price in our store check them out all.sunglassessunglasses for mensunglasses for women
Albert Luca Email Homepage
2020-1-2 16:36
Are you experiencing some problems with your computer lately? Does it crash abruptly or hang at times to cause delays and lots of frustration? Do you feel your system has slowed down considerably? Whatever the problem, you now have a computer help numberyou can rely upon.
hasan Email Homepage
2020-1-3 01:10
H Rakib is an imaginative individual who has been composing online journals and articles about cybersecurity.He expounds on the most recent reports in regards to Microsoft office setup and how it can improve the work understanding of clients.His articles have been distributed in numerous mainstream e-magazines, online journals, and sites. He is a specialized master who expounds on profitability suites, for example, Microsoft Office. He composes blog entries, surveys, guidance manuals, news discharges, and specialized portrayals.https://www.setupoffice.co.uk/
www.avg.com/retail Email Homepage
2020-1-3 15:24
AVG Retail is one of the best Antivirus software. Customer can download the software from avg.com/retail. The software provides the complete suite of the features which can secure your database from your devices. www.avg.com/activation |  www.avg.com/retail
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-1-3 16:16
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/h...
robert_nukk Email Homepage
2020-1-3 18:40
Vidalista 5 Mg Want to sizzling missionary before early discharge? Buy Vidalista 5 MG tablet which is perfect ED Treatment for Men&#039;s. Check reviews, dosage &amp; uses
robert_nukk Email Homepage
2020-1-3 18:41
<a href="https://www.flatmeds.com/product/fildena-chewable-100-mg/">Fildena Chewable 100 Mg</a> The best place to buy Fildena 100 Chewable at a 100% trusted generic store. Apply coupon code andGet 20% discounthttps://www.flatmeds.com/product/fildena-chewable-100-mg/
s Email
2020-1-4 06:39
warehouse for sale warehouse for sale warehouse for sale warehouse for sale Warehouse For Sale Miami Warehouse For Sale In Miami Florida
分页: 106/436 第一页 上页 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]