[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(842169)
McAfee.com/Activate Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:44
Downloading the setup file directly from the official website is the most convenient method. To begin with, open your internet browser. Following that, type in home.mcafee.com in the address bar. As you hit the Enter key on your keyboard, you will be redirected to the mcafee.com/activate website.
Garmin.com/Express Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:45
Garmin’s versatile range of products are engineered with cutting edge technology to deliver products that are prepared for the future. Garmin.com/Express ingenious product range is backed by advanced, functionally-integrated technology that extends the unmatched user experience. In short, it transforms next-generation technology into a simple yet valuable experience for users.Garmin.com/Expresshttps://garmincomexpresss.com/
hulu login Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:46
You can also seek the help of our experts to help you install the extender by calling us at our toll-free customer service numbers or by chatting with them.hulu loginhttp://hulu-login.us/
Camps Intuit Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:57
Camps Intuit is a client management portal for Quickbooks desktop. Therefore, with the guidance of this portal, you can handle your QuickBooks Desktop account in one place. This platform enables you to manage your purchases, subscriptions, personal information, billing and payment details, and other information in an easier manner. Camps Intuithttp://campsintuitt.com/
123.hp.com/setup. Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:58
We are providing you Best Technical Support for your HP Printer. Also, Our Experts are just a call away For any kind of assistance related to your HP Printer, you just need to make a call. And we offer the support during the download of HP Printer software from 123.hp.com/setup.123.hp.com/setup.https://hp123hp.com/
McAfee.com/Activate Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:58
Downloading the setup file directly from the official website is the most convenient method. To begin with, open your internet browser. Following that, type in home.mcafee.com in the address bar. As you hit the Enter key on your keyboard, you will be redirected to the mcafee.com/activate website. McAfee.com/Activatehttps://www.mcafeeactivatee.uk/
Garmin.com/Express Email Homepage
2020-2-3 12:59
Garmin’s versatile range of products are engineered with cutting edge technology to deliver products that are prepared for the future. Garmin.com/Express ingenious product range is backed by advanced, functionally-integrated technology that extends the unmatched user experience. In short, it transforms next-generation technology into a simple yet valuable experience for users.Garmin.com/Expresshttps://garmincomexpresss.com/
hulu login Email Homepage
2020-2-3 13:00
You can also seek the help of our experts to help you install the extender by calling us at our toll-free customer service numbers or by chatting with them. hulu loginhttp://hulu-login.us/
Office.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-2-3 14:58
Emily Williams  is a Microsoft Office expert and has been working in the technical industry since 2002. As a technical expert, she has written technical blogs, manuals, white papers, and reviews for many websites such as office.com/setup.
installtrendmicro Email Homepage
2020-2-3 16:38
Install trend micro at www.installtrendmicro.com antivirus is one of the top rated antivirus program available online. It safeguards a user from cyber threats such as malware, spyware and viruses that may steal confidential user information and that information later can be used by hackers for financial gains. Trend micro also optimizes computer system for performance related issues. <a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">Download trend micro with Serial number</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-on-new-computer/">Install trend micro on new computer</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-without-disk/">install trend micro without disk</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trendmicro/">trendmicro.com/bestbuy</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/www-trendmicro-com-activation/">www.trendmicro.com/activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trendmicro-com-max/">www.trendmicro.com/getmax</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">trendmicro homeinstall</a>
Norton setup Email Homepage
2020-2-3 17:02
Are you facing issues in downloading, installing and activating Norton setup via norton.com/setup? Here are the easy to follow steps for each process.
mcafee activate Email Homepage
2020-2-3 17:49
You may have been utilizing the web in your cell phones, tablets, and work area. For the assurance of our information, we as a whole utilize different Virus Scan Enterprises and Anti-Malware firmware, for example, McAfee items. McAfee items are anything but difficult to introduce and simple to utilize.
dragon naturally speaking Email Homepage
2020-2-3 19:20
Dragon Naturally Speaking software is a speech recognition program that allows the user to speak into a microphone on a computer with the software translating the spoken words into text in a text program. dragon naturally speaking | dragon naturallyspeaking
nortonsetup Email Homepage
2020-2-4 12:57
AntiVirus-Norton  is the passage level antivirus arrangement offered by the organization. It gives different layers of continuous security against all types of noxious programming, for example, infections, spyware, Trojans and others.  norton.com/setup |
mcafeemcafee Email Homepage
2020-2-4 13:11
iamcafee is an autonomous specialized help specialist organization for McAfee items. We are a free help expert association for programming related issues in versatile PCs, work areas, devices and peripherals. mcafee activate
mcafeemcafee Email Homepage
2020-2-4 13:18
Other extra highlights that McAfee offers are functionalities, for example, remote access to cell phones in the event that the telephone is lost or taken. With only a couple of snaps, thmcafee activate
mcafeemcafee Email Homepage
2020-2-4 13:18
I am a SEO promoter in usa.I have a project to promote in usa.here is sort description of my project.AntiVirus-Norton  is the passage level antivirus arrangement offered by the organization. Ioffice.com/setup
kaspersky-activate Email Homepage
2020-2-4 14:09
Install Kaspersky with activation code https://kaspersky-activate.cominstall kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2016 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">Install Kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security/">activate kaspersky internet security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/kaspersky-geek-squad-download-install/">kaspersky geek squad download install</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/usa-kaspersky-com-geeksquad/">usa.kaspersky.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security-for-mac/">Activate Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/reinstall-kaspersky-total-security/">reinstall kaspersky total security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">kaspersky without cd</a>https://kaspersky-activate.com
mcafee dell activation Email Homepage
2020-2-4 15:41
分页: 118/436 第一页 上页 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]