[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(842053)
norton Email Homepage
2020-2-28 15:13
office newsoffice 365 outlook
asdf Email Homepage
2020-2-28 16:16
MyDrive Connect is a unique, intuitive solution developed to benefit the users of advanced TomTom update. It is a holistic management hub that enhances the overall user experience by adding convenience to the management of these gadgets.MyDrive Connect
asdf Email Homepage
2020-2-28 16:17
Roku has developed a streaming platform that delivers a world-class user experience. With the best streaming products, now you can enhance your experience with plenty of .Roku Accessories
Nursing Research Papers Writing Services Email Homepage
2020-2-28 16:24
Nursing students always look for the Best Nursing Research Paper Help Writing Services since its very difficult to complete Nursing Research Papers Assignments and Nursing Essay Papers on time.Nursing Essay Papers
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2020-2-28 17:38
The 25 alphanumeric code will be look like xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx . You can get this code by on the web and isolated mode both. You can buy McAfee thing from mcafee.com/arrangement or some other difficult to reach site or any embracing place. On the off chance that you bought your McAfee thing on the web, by then your 25 alphanumeric thing key will be sent to your selected email id. On the off chance that you bought McAfee from retailer, by then your thing key will be in thing pack box.visit:https://mcafee-activation.com/
Office.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-2-28 18:00
office com/setup - How to activate Office? Login to www office.com/setup, enter Office setup product key & install Office setup to get activate Office.
Alexander Email
2020-2-29 00:55
I am very happy to discover your post as it will become on top in my collection of favorite blogs to visit.  tải báo giá in nhanhhttps://intriphat.com/san-pham/in-bao-bi-giay-gia-re-tai-tphcm/
NIMRA Email
2020-2-29 00:55
Really a great addition. I have read this marvelous post. Thanks for sharing information about it. I really like that. Thanks so lot for your convene.    tải báo giá in nhanhhttps://intriphat.com/san-pham/in-bao-bi-giay-gia-re-tai-tphcm/
alba133 Email
2020-2-29 01:38
I really thank you for the valuable info on this great subject and look forward to more great posts.office.com/setupmcafee.com/activate
mechanical engineering assignment help Email Homepage
2020-2-29 12:45
<a href="https://www.myassignmenthelp.net/mechanical-engineering-assignment-help/"><u>Mechanical Engineering Assignment Help</u></a><p>Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and most difficult engineering courses to date. With the advancement of technology, mechanical engineering has surely been evolved into a very passionate choice for engineering students. To overcome the burden of an assignment we provide assignment help for all engineering students under <u>Engineering Assignment Help</u>. We at <a href="https://www.myassignmenthelp.net/"><u>My Assignment Help</u></a>&nbsp;take pride in as our team of experts supports you in every aspect of the projects and assignments given to students. We also provide assignment help for all mechanical engineering through our <a href="https://www.myassignmenthelp.net/mechanical-engineering-assignment-help/"><u>Mechanical Engineering Home Work Help</u></a>.</p>
mechanical engineering assignment help Email Homepage
2020-2-29 12:47
Mechanical Engineering Assignment HelpMechanical engineering is one of the oldest and most difficult engineering courses to date. With the advancement of technology, mechanical engineering has surely been evolved into a very passionate choice for engineering students. To overcome the burden of an assignment we provide assignment help for all engineering students under Engineering Assignment Help. We at My Assignment Help take pride in as our team of experts supports you in every aspect of the projects and assignments given to students. We also provide assignment help for all mechanical engineering through our Mechanical Engineering Home Work Help.www.myassignmenthelp.net/mechanical-engineering-assignment-help/
gyadquad Email Homepage
2020-2-29 13:27
if you are facing any problems in Yahoo mail, then you are advised to get in touch with our dedicated experts who have excellent knowledge and are dedicated to delivering the best in class supervision to any Yahoo mail issue. So Just make a call at Yahoo Customer Support Number for your problems.Yahoo mail problems
jameshaller Email
2020-2-29 16:38
Thanks for sharing this content with us. This is very helpful for me, please keep sharing more such articles. We are here to Providing information about the JetBlue Cancellation Policy. Get Instant cancellation. If you need help regarding this then visit our website.
www.trendmicro.com/downloadme Email Homepage
2020-2-29 18:11
Trend Micro Internet Security subscription is the single way to download the software on multiple devices through www.trendmicro.com/downloadme . Trend micro has become a superior antivirus program over many antiviruses due to its advanced protection features. trend micro download process becomes easy when you purchase the subscription
www.Webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2020-2-29 18:13
webroot safe website  from your device. Enter Your Email address, Enter your Webroot Keycodewww.Webroot.com/safe
anshthakral Homepage
2020-2-29 19:54
Working at Digital Technology Institute which is a reputed training institute providing Digital Marketing Course in Delhi-NCR. Which offers 24 advance modules like google ads, SEO, pro blogging, affiliate marketing, and many more such modules. For more info visit their official website.https://www.digitaltechnology.institute/
Shipfromca Email Homepage
2020-3-1 15:40
buy hydrocodone online,  buy oxycodone online,  buy percocet online, buy vicodin online,  buy adderall online,  buy oxycontin onlinehttp://shipfromca.com/
Office.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-3-2 14:47
To get office setup on your device, just download and installsetup file and activate it by entering 25 character productkey to get full feature of office setup file. Visit this site https://officecom.us/
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-3-2 14:57
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download/">webroot download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad/">webroot download geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad-download/">webroot download geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geeksquad/">webroot download geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download-pc/">webroot geek squad download pc</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad/https://geeksquad...
kkstatestics Email Homepage
2020-3-2 20:17
Completing the practice set is not an easy task because it consumes a lot of time. In this time, completing the practice sets is a really difficult task due to other work. You can make it possible by obtaining the perdisco assignment help services. The main advantage of hiring perdisco assignment help services is that you can save your time for other work. perdisco assignment help
分页: 130/436 第一页 上页 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]