[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862774)
wailing dragon Homepage
2020-5-5 08:59
We are bold Christians who fear GOD, read the sacred scriptures of the Holy Bible and Pray to GOD. We see the ways of the world and worldly people as competing interests in how all people spend their time, money and expend their effort and energy.Ask religious question online
zayn Email
2020-5-5 15:02
It is amazing post, i am really impressed of your post. Its really useful. Thank you for sharing this article.mcafee.com/activate  |  www.mcafee.com/activate  |  office.com/setup
zayn Email
2020-5-5 15:04
It is amazing post, i am really impressed of your post. Its really useful. Thank you for sharing this article.mcafee.com/activate  |  www.mcafee.com/activate  |  office.com/setup
Xfinity Email Login Email Homepage
2020-5-5 15:31
Easily setup your new XFINITY cable modem by following these easy steps. Self-Activation is available online. There is no need to call Comcast. If you need a new XFINITY modem, you can find one for your needs here. See all XFINITY Cable Modems.
Yahoo Mail Login Email Homepage
2020-5-5 15:43
Yahoo Mail is getting a mobile update, with new versions of the iOS and Android app launching today. Many of you probably haven  tried out Yahoo Mail in years, but Senior Director of Product Management Josh Jacobson noted that it one of the top productivity apps in the Apple App Store, where it has been [hellip;]
Aol Mail Login Email Homepage
2020-5-5 16:53
If you want to download your email from your AOL Mail account, IMAP is the best way to do it for any mail client of your choice. Learn the server settings and additional info to help you download your email.
Adventures Dream Email Homepage
2020-5-5 19:00
Hi everyone, this is Adventures Dream. A blog where you can get to know about back and bicep workout and travel insurance for seniors.https://www.adventuresdream.com/back-and-biceps-workout/
Travel Insurance for Seniors Email Homepage
2020-5-5 19:01
Hi everyone, this is Adventures Dream. A blog where you can get to know about back and bicep workout and travel insurance for seniors.https://www.adventuresdream.com/banana-juice-recipe/
zayn Email
2020-5-5 19:31
Good Post! Thank you so much for sharing this pretty post, it was so good to read and very usefulmcafee.com/activate  |  office.com/setup  |  webroot.com/safe
Hulu Login Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:12
Entertainment can be more fun with Hulu as here you get access to a world full of your favorite TV shows. Here will get the opportunity to enjoy the latest content that you can stream in any of your devices supporting the app. Get your free trial and access to your device in theHulu Loginhttp://hulu-login.us/
Garmin.com/express Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:14
Garmin Express is an extremely versatile software application available for both Windows and Mac devices. However, you are required to check the specified requirements and ensure your system conforms to it. This is extremely important for flawless setup and unmatched performance.Garmin.com/expressGarmin.com/express
Garmin.com/express Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:15
The software gives you desktop notifications and step-by-step instructions so that you can update your devices with ease. Even if your application is not open or the device is not connected to your system, it will give you alerts on a regular basis. So for garmin.com/express setup, you need to follow all the full-proof steps given below. Garmin.com/expresshttp://garmincomexpress.download/
Linksys Router Login Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:16
The Linksys router web interface is the place where all the router settings are stored for example connectivity, wireless, security, etc. For making changes to the default settings, you need to login to your Linksys router. Also, you can change your router password after signing into your account. Once you have logged in, you will be able to adjust all the available settings according to your preference.Linksys Router LoginLinksys Router Login
Webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:17
The more we are becoming tech-savvy, the more we need the cybersecurity. It becomes important to remain protected against all the existing and emerging online threats as they can damage your system and can also steal your data. For getting protection, you must need a comprehensive and ultimate security solution. Webroot.com/safe is one such software that can provide world-class security solutions to provide you and your device with outstanding protection Webroot.com/safeWebroot.com/safe
Garmin.com/express Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:18
Garmin.com/express is a computer application for easily setting up, registering and managing your Garmin device. The software gives you alerts whenever there are new updates available so that you can install them easily. You can also save multiple maps and preferred places with Garmin Express.Garmin.com/expressGarmin.com/express
Office.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-5-6 15:19
MS Office has earned its reputation as an outstanding Suite of Integrated Productivity Tools by serving Business and Home users with unmatched efficiency. It comes in multiple versions to give utmost versatility and choice to its users. In this way, it has surpassed any competition that it encountered on its way to becoming a necessity in today’s world.Office.com/setupOffice.com/setup
webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2020-5-6 16:14
Webroot Safe is the antivirus which gives total protection and 100% security. All the devices like PC's, Laptops, Mac, Ios, and Android Phones in which we use internet connection are safe with the use of webroot.com/safe.  webroot.com/safe
www.malwarebytes.com/install Email Homepage
2020-5-6 16:16
Malwarebytes is an anti-malware software for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS that finds and removes malware from computer. Malwarebytes is a better replacement for an antivirus. To download and install Malwarebytes on your Mac device, Open Internet browser and search for Malwarebytes for Mac. www.malwarebytes.com/installwww.malwarebtes.com/install
the ninehertz
2020-5-6 17:01
When was the last time you went out to eat your favorite pasta from the place that is an hour away from your home? If you don’t remember when chances are, you’re ordering that pasta to get home delivery. Food delivery business is a service that enables you to enjoy any delicacy from a restaurant, cafe, or bakery in the comfort of your home. This business has been around for a long time, but the lack of accessibility on a large scale limited it. The rise of e-commerce in the last decade has opened new doors for the food delivery business. Thanks to the Internet, creating an extensive network and operating on a large scale is now very easy. These factors have contributed to the exponential growth in the food delivery app development business today.
Machine Learning Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-5-6 18:37
Machine Learning Assignment Helphttps://www.myassignmenthelp.net/machine-learning-assignment-helpAs a single father of a teenage son I’m very thankful to assignmenthelp.net for helping my son Ryan in his daily homework. I got Machine Learning Assignment Help As working dad I was unable to help him in his homework. His academic performance was deteriorating. You are the ones who boosted his confidence and re-created interest in studies. Your expert counseling has brought many positive changes in him. Now he strictly follows the study schedule given by his online tutor and I’m glad that his grades are improving a lot.
分页: 150/438 第一页 上页 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]