[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8409) | 引用(0) | 阅读(715344)
SPSS Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-5-9 23:09
SPSS Assignment Helphttps://www.myassignmenthelp.net/spss-assignment-helpI got SPSS Assignment Help and homework really used to get me worked up but now no longer. Thanks to the brilliant assignment and homework help services of assignment help things have fallen into place. With their commitment driven services everything seems to be a cakewalk.
HOMEY Email Homepage
2020-5-10 02:35
Thank You so much for this informative post. Thanks for sharing how you are doing it and I am sure a lot of people will be helped through the resource you shared.<a href="http://www.homehealthcare.in/"> Home health care </a>
Chemistry Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-5-10 12:22
Chemistry is a very theoretical subject and includes many laws, the chemical reaction, and there are many exceptions in chemistry also. Basically, Chemistry is classified into two main divisions such as Physical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry. As chemistry is a very vast subject and lots of things are to be remembered while writing any assignment, but Our team of experts has vast experience in assignment writing and know the requirements of the professor, So Myassignmenthelp is available for any assistance regarding your Chemistry assignment Writing. For more information on the topic: https://www.myassignmenthelp.net/chemistry-assignment-help
kaspersky-activate Email Homepage
2020-5-10 16:57
Install Kaspersky with activation code https://kaspersky-activate.cominstall kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2016 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">Install Kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security/">activate kaspersky internet security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/kaspersky-geek-squad-download-install/">kaspersky geek squad download install</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/usa-kaspersky-com-geeksquad/">usa.kaspersky.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security-for-mac/">Activate Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/reinstall-kaspersky-total-security/">reinstall kaspersky total security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">kaspersky without cd</a>
AB Email
2020-5-11 12:50
Thanks for your sharing! The information you share is very useful to me and many people are looking for them just like me! https://torrentz22.online/https://kissanimee.online/https://gogoanimehd.online/https://tamilrockerss.website/https://tam...
netgear extender setup Email Homepage
2020-5-11 13:45
A Netgear Wi-Fi extender is a device that is used for propagating the internet signal in those areas of the home where the message doesn't reach properly. Hence, by installing the Netgear range extender in the house is the correct way to deal with no internet signal issue. But, before installing the Netgear range extender, one must know the steps to setup Netgear extender setup. Therefore, for all users, we have here discussed the ways for completing the setup process.The methods provided here in this section, we have enrolled some simple and easy Netgear range extender setup steps that would be helpful to get out of the trouble. Thus, the users who are interested to learn how to set up Netgear extender, and then check out the details provided here in this content. The Netgear extender setup is the ultimate solution to spread the Wi-Fi signals to every corner of the house. Thus, the users who are not able to accomplish the Netgear range extender setup process, then they should not worry. As here we have provided some quick fixes to deal with the setup procedure.Netgear extender setup
trendmicro-activate Email Homepage
2020-5-11 15:11
Trendmicro activate for your mac and pc.When you activate trendmicro antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by trendmicro activation https://trendmicro-activate.com/https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/https://trendmicr... href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/">trend micro activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/">activate trend micro internet security</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trend-micro-internet-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trendmicro-com-activate/">trendmicro.com/activate</a>
trendmicrobestbuy Email Homepage
2020-5-11 15:25
Trend micro best buy download trend micro antivirus and secure your computer against unwanted cyber threats available online. https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/trend-micro-best-buy-activate/https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/... href="https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/">trendmicro best buy</a><a href="https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/trend-micro-best-buy-activate/">trend micro best buy activate</a><a href="https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/trend-micro-best-buy-activation/">trend micro best buy activation</a>
downloadtrendmicro Email Homepage
2020-5-11 16:35
When you visit downloadcenter.trendmicro.com and download trendmicro, it protects your device from unwanted threats and spywares. Below mentioned are the services provided by downloadcenter.trendmicro.comhttps://downloadtrendmicro.com/https://downloadtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trend-micro-renewal/https://downloadtrendmicro.com/download-purchased-trend-micro/https://downloadtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-best-buy/<a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/">downloadcenter.trendmicro.com</a><a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trend-micro-renewal/">best buy trend micro renewal</a><a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/download-purchased-trend-micro/">download purchased trend micro</a><a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-best-buy/">trend micro best buy</a>
Spark Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-5-11 21:38
Spark Assignment Helphttps://www.myassignmenthelp.net/spark-assignment-helpAs a single father of a teenage son I’m very thankful to assignmenthelp.net for helping my son Ryan in his daily homework. I got Spark Assignment Help As working dad I was unable to help him in his homework. His academic performance was deteriorating. You are the ones who boosted his confidence and re-created interest in studies. Your expert counseling has brought many positive changes in him. Now he strictly follows the study schedule given by his online tutor and I’m glad that his grades are improving a lot.
SSC Result Email Homepage
2020-5-12 02:58
SSC Result 2020 knocking at the door. All students are waiting to get their results. Today, in this article
we are going to discuss the SSC Exam related to all information. If you are SSC Examine. Then you can read this full article to get SSC Result Marksheet. So don’t let and check below full details.
hoya poker Email Homepage
2020-5-12 03:37
LINK ALTERNATIF Hoya Poker merupakan salah satu situs penyedia game Judi Poker Online yang berasal dari Indonesia dan menyediahkan sembilan varian permainan, seperti texas poker, bandar poker, dominoqq, bandarq, aduq, capsa susun, sakong, perang baccarat dan bandar66.
AB Email
2020-5-12 13:43
Great post. I really like this blog. Thanks for sharing. Thanks fromhttps://zodiacsigns.online/https://dailyhoroscopelive.online/https://webinarsoftware.online/https://digitalmarketingcourse.website/https://livechatagents.online/https://onlinedoctor.store/https://onlinedoctorconsultation.online/
avast activation Email Homepage
2020-5-12 14:36
The main virus protection function is exactly the same for both and 'Pro' versions of avast AntiVirus. Therefore, for the vast majority of users, the free version will offer perfectly adequate protection. With that being said, the service is best utilised in conjunction with dedicated spyware and malware removal programs.avast.com/activate | avast activation | avast insert activation code/
installkaspersky Email Homepage
2020-5-12 18:24
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
Roku Setup Email Homepage
2020-5-12 21:41
Roku provides the simplest way to stream entertainment to your TV. On your terms. With thousands of available channels to choose from.
Netgear Router Setup Email Homepage
2020-5-12 21:42
To access your router&amp;#39;s settings, the default user name is admin and the default password is password. Follow these steps to change the password.
Insurance man Homepage
2020-5-13 00:07
We ensure you have the proper amount of coverage that will ensure that in the event of the worst, we will help you rebuild.Insurance man/
Jones Wilson Email Homepage
2020-5-13 11:25
The article has truly beat my slant. I am going to bookmark your site and keep up checking for flashing new information.Regards,office.com/setupoffice.com/setup
分页: 152/421 第一页 上页 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]