[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
installtrendmicro
2020-5-23 14:55
Install trend micro at www.installtrendmicro.com antivirus is one of the top rated antivirus program available online. It safeguards a user from cyber threats such as malware, spyware and viruses that may steal confidential user information and that information later can be used by hackers for financial gains. Trend micro also optimizes computer system for performance related issues. <a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">Download trend micro with Serial number</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-on-new-computer/">Install trend micro on new computer</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-without-disk/">install trend micro without disk</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trendmicro/">trendmicro.com/bestbuy</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/www-trendmicro-com-activation/">www.trendmicro.com/activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trendmicro-com-max/">www.trendmicro.com/getmax</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">trendmicro homeinstall</a>
Tapos
2020-5-24 01:48
Eid Mubarak everyone. SSC Result 2020 has been published. Get SSC Result 2020 With Marksheet from our website.
Sweet As
2020-5-25 18:57
Lollies are the best gift and the cheapest gift in Australia. Sweet As provide lollies gift boxes online with a good mix of colors and varieties like jellybeans, fruit jellies, liquor ice, and lollipops which gives certain satisfaction to hold in your month. You can purchase different types of lollies online through our website.
webroot-activate
2020-5-25 19:45
Download webroot on your devices now.https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-geeksquad-download/https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-installation-without-cd/htt... href="https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-geeksquad-download/">webroot geeksquad download</a><a href="https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-installation-without-cd/">webroot installation without cd</a><a href="https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-key/">webroot key</a><a href="https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-key-code-activation/">webroot key code activation</a><a href="https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-keys/">webroot keys</a><a href="https://webroot-activate.com/webroot-new-keycode/">webroot new keycode</a>
Bookkeepers near me
2020-5-25 22:59
Bookkeeping is the process of recording transactions, updating statements, and checking financial records for accuracy. A professional bookkeeper is responsible for the general ledger, a list of an organization's accounts. By keeping accurate accounts, a bookkeeper assists in maintaining a smoothly-operating business with clean financial statements.
CPA near me
2020-5-25 23:09
Depending on their certifications and the services they offer, CPAs can operate in virtually any area of finance including estate planning, income tax, financial reporting, and corporate governance, and once they pass their CPA examinations, CPAs can assist individuals, small to mid-sized companies, or large corporations.
Accountants near me
2020-5-25 23:32
Accounting and bookkeeping are essential components of every business. A professional accountant can help you understand finances and plan accordingly so that you can ensure your business’ cash flow is appropriately directed.
Bookkeepers near me
2020-5-25 23:45
A bookkeeper typically uses bookkeeping software to enter and record financial transactions to keep a detailed record. With this software, a bookkeeper can easily check figures, postings, or reconcile any differences in records. Bookkeepers have a keen attention to detail, and are expected to be accurate and efficient with their responsibilities. Typically a bookkeeper's work is overseen by an accountant.
CPA near me
2020-5-25 23:53
Handling payroll for a dental practice is often thought of as a simple task. The truth, however, is that there are many minor errors that can easily lead to major problems. Train your team to catch these small mistakes your practice might be making, so you can be sure to avoid them in the future.
jhonmark
2020-5-26 14:00
AVG has created a complete solution for users to save data through avg retail , which is AVG internet security. Malware and internet threats only do not affect your computer or device, but it is affecting your personal data as well. Using webcam spying and ransomware, hackers can easily steal your personal files, photos, videos, and any of your personal data.http://www.us-avg.com/retail
smithmorics01
2020-5-26 14:30
If Microsoft Outlook is not opening or responding, you will access it by executing a few simple steps. A lagging or inaccessible outlook can be a specific problem for many users. Some files prevent Outlook from opening. Fortunately, an unresponsive Outlook program does not require too much knowledge to fix. visit Outlook not receiving emails
mcafee dell activation
2020-5-26 18:25
Activate mcafee on your dell computer and secure it against online threats such as malwares, spywares and viruses.https://mcafeedellactivation.com/https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell/https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-de... href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/">www.mcafee.com/dellactivation </a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell/">mcafee dell</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-activation/">mcafee dell activation</a>
HP Assistant
2020-5-26 19:09
Researcher caught 10 different bugs in HP Support Assistant that threaten Windows 7, 8 and 10 PCs alike. HP yet to patch some LPE flaws.
installvipreantivirus
2020-5-26 19:56
Install vipre on your device and protect it from cyber threats.<a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download/">vipre download</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-antivirus-download/">vipre antivirus download</a> <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/viper-security/">viper security</a> <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-internet-security/">vipre internet security</a> https://installvipreantivirus.com
TomTom Update
2020-5-26 21:44
Whether you own a device with Lifetime Maps, need to purchase a new map, or simply want to update a map you already own – we are here to help.
HP Assistant
2020-5-26 21:50
Review features and common troubleshooting topics including how to install or download ?HP Printer Assistant.
Brother hl-l2390dw Wireless Printer Setup
2020-5-27 00:04
You spend extra time at domestic and together with your own family. stress comes from having to visit loved ones but possibly not trying to. despite the fact that, one would really like to meet the expectation Brother hl-l2390dw Wireless Printer Setup
trendmicroactivation
2020-5-27 18:43
Install trendmciro activation with code.https://trendmicroactivation.org/https://trendmicroactivation.org/download-trend-micro-with-key/https://trendmicroactiva... href="https://trendmicroactivation.org/">activate trend micro</a><a href="https://trendmicroactivation.org/download-trend-micro-with-key/">download trend micro with key</a><a href="https://trendmicroactivation.org/geek-squad-trend-micro/">geek squad trend micro</a><a href="https://trendmicroactivation.org/install-trend-micro/">install trend micro</a><a href="https://trendmicroactivation.org/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a>
geeksquadwebroot
2020-5-27 18:56
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/h...
Accounting Assignment Help
2020-5-27 23:59
Accounting Assignment Helphttps://www.myassignmenthelp.net/accounting-assignment-helpI found Accounting interesting that connected me with the natural world. But When I pursued the major branch of Account Assignment Help the situation turned out to be stressful. I have loads of assignment on Account that burdened me. I failed to organize my work and end up with low grades in one of the subject. But with the reference of my friend I switched to myassignmenthelp.net. The team work and professional advice have made it easy for me to carry the complete task effectively. My grades have finally increased and I am looking further to remain in touch with the members of this site due to their co-operative nature and well-organized system.
分页: 156/438 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160