[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862522)
norton Email Homepage
2020-6-19 13:03
If you are using internet or not on your device there always will be a need for strong antivirus to be installed to protect it against mischievous youths looking for a thrill or a hardened cyber-criminal wanting to take advantage of billion-dollar firms, can stop wanting to search out ways in which to commit fraud, cause widespread harm, or simply leak or use your personal data.www.norton.com/setup
How to Fix Roku Error Code 014.40 Email Homepage
2020-6-19 13:33
My ROKU will no longer connect to my wireless internet. The password is correct. No change in wireless connection.When I try to connect I get error 014.40. I reset the ROKU by onscreen prompts. Still it doesn't connect.
How to Fix Roblox Error Code 267 Email Homepage
2020-6-19 13:47
Roblox is a gaming platform for both youth and kids. And it is also very easy to operate. But, you know very well, an error is common for any technology. So, Roblox has also much error.
How to Fix Twitch Error 2000 Email Homepage
2020-6-19 15:06
Twitch is down currently with a huge number of reports indicating the service is experiencing problems this evening.
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-6-19 17:12
www.office.com/setupofficesetup-officecomsetup.com/" target="_blank">office.com/setup
installvipre Email Homepage
2020-6-20 14:34
bitdefenderactivation Email Homepage
2020-6-20 15:30
Bitdefender is the best compatible antivirus among all the devices. It is a solid and robust combo of cloud scanning technology which protects your operating from all harmful elements.Below mentioned are the services provided by bitdefender activation<a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com">bitdefender activation</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/bitdefender-central">bitdefender central</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/bitdefender-login-account">bitdefender login account</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/install-bitdefender-antivirus">install bitdefender antivirus</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/bitdefender-downloads/">bitdefender downloads</a>
installvipreantivirus Email Homepage
2020-6-20 15:44
Install vipre on your device and protect it from cyber threats.<a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/">install vipre using product key</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download-with-product-key/">vipre download with product key</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-activation/">vipre activation</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/i-need-to-install-vipre/">i need to install vipre</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/install-vipre-with-key-code/">install vipre with key code</a>
uitvconnet Email Homepage
2020-6-20 16:55
Hello to all, since I am really eager of reading this blog’s post to be updated on a regular basis. It includes pleasant stuff.
elianajones
2020-6-22 03:03
Thanks for taking the time to share with us such a great article. I found such a significant number of fascinating stuff with regards to your blog particularly its discussion. Keep doing awesome.Office.com/Setup
carloandy Email Homepage
2020-6-22 13:07
Office 365 can be more useful than just an email application if you pick the right subscription plan. For business, enhancing productivity and collaboration in the organization has become necessary to make it easy and more proficient for the employees to work.But, numbers of businesses are still utilizing the basic plans of Office 365, which limit them from utilizing the updated features. So, to ensure you get every feature and use your Office 365 subscription to the most.<a href="https://www.office.com/setup">office.com/setup</a>
norton Email Homepage
2020-6-22 13:07
If you are using internet or not on your device there always will be a need for strong antivirus to be installed to protect it against mischievous youths looking for a thrill or a hardened cyber-criminal wanting to take advantage of billion-dollar firms, can stop wanting to search out ways in which to commit fraud, cause widespread harm, or simply leak or use your personal data.www.norton.com/setup
carloandy Email Homepage
2020-6-22 13:18
Office 365 can be more useful than just an email application if you pick the right subscription plan. For business, enhancing productivity and collaboration in the organization has become necessary to make it easy and more proficient for the employees to work.But, numbers of businesses are still utilizing the basic plans of Office 365, which limit them from utilizing the updated features. So, to ensure you get every feature and use your Office 365 subscription to the most.<a href="https://www.Get-officecom.com">office.com/setup</a>
miajames Email Homepage
2020-6-22 13:25
https://nortonn-norton.com/norton.com/setup  Norton Security Standard can protect only one system. Norton Security Deluxe can be used for up to 5 systems, and Norton Security Premium can protect up to 10 systems. To know more about them and their comparison you can visit the official site of Norton.
halesalex Email Homepage
2020-6-22 13:26
https://nortoncom-nu16.com Norton Security Standard can protect only one system. Norton Security Deluxe can be used for up to 5 systems, and Norton Security Premium can protect up to 10 systems. To know more about them and their comparison you can visit the official site of Norton.
miajames Email Homepage
2020-6-22 18:52
Norton Security Standard can protect only one system. Norton Security Deluxe can be used for up to 5 systems, and Norton Security Premium can protect up to 10 systems. To know more about them and their comparison you can visit the official site of Norton.norton.com/setup
alice Email Homepage
2020-6-22 19:05
BitLocker is a feature in your system that works to protect your hard disk from the offline or external attack. It is one of the best-encrypted features added in Windows Vista to protect the files on your system.<a href="https://247kama.com/blog/how-to-use-great-writers-in-civilization-6/">Civilization 6/</a>https://247kama.com/blog/what-is-bitlocker-pin-in-windows-10-and-3-easy-ways-to-change-it/
manshiverd16 Email Homepage
2020-6-22 22:43
Congratulations everyone Delhi escorts girl service users call now and take untouch fun with independent, young, sexy and sizzling models at reasonable price, you can hire me anytime.https://www.manshiverma.com/
分页: 161/438 第一页 上页 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]