[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862521)
Digital Forensics Homework Help Email Homepage
2020-6-23 00:52
Great material! This is really a good urgent home work help because you always provide  grand related content and very informative information with powerful points. Just like   Digital Forensics Homework Help I was looking for to read   Digital Forensics assignment I want to tell you that it is very helpful for us.
garmin express Email Homepage
2020-6-23 12:39
Garmin express - Garmin express is a software application designed by the company to update, install and manage all the garmin devices from your desktop only.<a href=" http://www.mygarminexpress.com/install-garmin-express/">garmin express</a>        <a href="http://www.mygarminexpress.com">garmin express</a>
How to Fix QuickBooks Error 15227 Email Homepage
2020-6-23 14:06
QuickBooks Error 15227 pops up on the screen when your PC is unstable or during the windows installation. This error can be resolved by upgrading QuickBooks.
carloandy Email Homepage
2020-6-23 14:26
Office 365 can be more useful than just an email application if you pick the right subscription plan. For business, enhancing productivity and collaboration in the organization has become necessary to make it easy and more proficient for the employees to work.But, numbers of businesses are still utilizing the basic plans of Office 365, which limit them from utilizing the updated features. So, to ensure you get every feature and use your Office 365 subscription to the most.<a href="https://www.get-officecom.com">office.com/setup</a>https://www.get-officecom.com
carloandy Email Homepage
2020-6-23 14:27
Office 365 can be more useful than just an email application if you pick the right subscription plan. For business, enhancing productivity and collaboration in the organization has become necessary to make it easy and more proficient for the employees to work.But, numbers of businesses are still utilizing the basic plans of Office 365, which limit them from utilizing the updated features. So, to ensure you get every feature and use your Office 365 subscription to the most.<a href="https://www.get-officecom.com">office.com/setup</a>dfd
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-6-23 15:54
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/h...
ee Email Homepage
2020-6-24 11:02
Google chrome error 102 fixToday we are going to discuss on one of the such errors that occurs while using the Gmail service. The error message  is commonly known as Gmail Error 102. This message appears while user tries open the gmail, delete an email or move emails between folders. If you have experienced such error than this article can help you in resolving the gmail error 102 You can also let us know if there are similar problems like this One. Here, we will brief you about the possible cause behind the Gmail error 102 and steps to resolve this error. https://www.contactyahoohelpdesk.com/gmail-error-102/
ee Email Homepage
2020-6-24 11:04
Google chrome error 102 fixToday we are going to discuss on one of the such errors that occurs while using the Gmail service. The error message  is commonly known as Gmail Error 102. This message appears while user tries open the gmail, delete an email or move emails between folders. If you have experienced such error than this article can help you in resolving the gmail error 102 You can also let us know if there are similar problems like this One. Here, we will brief you about the possible cause behind the Gmail error 102 and steps to resolve this error. https://www.contactyahoohelpdesk.com/gmail-error-102/Google chrome error 102 fix
downloadtrendmicro Email Homepage
2020-6-24 12:48
When you visit downloadcenter.trendmicro.com and download trendmicro, it protects your device from unwanted threats and spywares. Below mentioned are the services provided by downloadcenter.trendmicro.comhttps://downloadtrendmicro.com/https://downloadtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trend-micro-renewal/https://downloadtrendmicro.com/download-purchased-trend-micro/https://downloadtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-best-buy/<a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/">downloadcenter.trendmicro.com</a><a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trend-micro-renewal/">best buy trend micro renewal</a><a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/download-purchased-trend-micro/">download purchased trend micro</a><a href="https://downloadtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-best-buy/">trend micro best buy</a>
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-6-24 13:09
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download/">webroot download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad/">webroot download geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad-download/">webroot download geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geeksquad/">webroot download geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download-pc/">webroot geek squad download pc</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad/https://geeksquad...
norton setup Email Homepage
2020-6-24 14:43
Thanks for the great post you posted. I like the way you describe the unique content. The points you raise are valid and reasonable. I am a tech support expert telling you aboutmcafee.com/activate | turbotax login | norton.com/setup | webroot.com/safe | asus router support
ELISA Email Homepage
2020-6-24 17:47
I really happy found this website eventually. Really informative and inoperative,Thanks for the post and effort! Please keep sharing more such a blog. Hp Printer Fatal Error 1603https://www.hpsupportphonenumbers.com/how-to-resolve-hp-printers-fatal-error-1603/
RapidMiner Homework Help Email Homepage
2020-6-24 19:46
I got very good   RapidMiner Homework Help for me urgent basis you can get the best assignment help online from one of the most trusted services urgenthomework.com they are offering world-class urgent homework help services on almost every subject. Then here is the best chance for you. Our assignment experts are accessible 24*7 hours.
installkaspersky Email Homepage
2020-6-25 14:06
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-6-25 15:42
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/h...
avg retail Email
2020-6-25 15:43
AVG Anti-Virus puts a stronger push toward personal data management and privacy utilities that help prevent uninvited access to your files. AVG AntiVirus is now part of AVG Protection, a single anti-malware package that lets you protect an UNLIMITED number of Windows and Mac computers, as well as Android phones/tablets, from one easy-to-use dashboard.www.avg.com/retail |avg.com/retail
webroot Email
2020-6-25 15:43
Webroot is an antivirus program that secures systems and data from various threats, malwares, and viruses. Your data is business, or it is commercial, Webroot geek squad safeguards both data and files. The turning off and turning on option of Webroot firewall is also available.  webroot.com/safe |www.webroot.com/safe
carloandy Email Homepage
2020-6-25 19:31
In the event that you are utilizing web or not on your gadget there consistently will be a requirement for solid antivirus to be introduced to ensure it against devilish young people searching for a rush or a solidified digital criminal needing to exploit billion-dollar firms, can quit needing to look out manners by which to perpetrate misrepresentation, cause far reaching hurt, or basically break or utilize your own information.https://nortoncomset-up.com/
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-6-26 12:12
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquad-webroot-install/">geeksquad webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquadwebroot/">geeksquadwebroot</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/install-webroot-geek-squad/">install webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/installing-webroot-geek-squad-download/">installing webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/weboot-con-geek-squad/">weboot.con/geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-bestbuy/">webroot bestbuy</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-bestbuy-download/">webroot bestbuy download</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquad-webroot-install/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquadwebroot/https://geeksquadwe...
分页: 162/438 第一页 上页 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]