[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862523)
garmin maps update Email Homepage
2020-6-26 18:45
In today’s time, the Garmin map has become a primary necessity. Time is valuable and reaching the correct destination at the right time very important. Garmin helps to navigate accurately throughout the Journey and helps to reach easily on the unknown destinations. Garmin is one of the world’s leading navigation technology companies and offers the best GPS technology and services across the globe. There are specific reasons that lead to the Garmin Map Update.
trendmicro Email
2020-6-26 19:58
Trend Micro antivirus secures from online threads; it is a guard for your privacy, offer security for all devices, enhancer, and optimizer of the performance.www.trendmicro.com/bestbuypc |trendmicro.com/bestbuypc
webroot Email
2020-6-26 19:59
Webroot is an antivirus program that secures systems and data from various threats, malwares, and viruses. webroot.com/safe |www.webroot.com/safe
Nursing Case Study Help Email Homepage
2020-6-26 20:02
https://www.myassignmenthelp.net/nursing-case-study-helpGreat things! This is a good urgent homework help as you always provide powerful points with great related content and very informative information. Just like   Nursing Case Study Help I've been looking for   Nursing Case Study assignment to read I want to tell you it’s very helpful for us.
office setup Email Homepage
2020-6-26 20:18
firstly you purchased Microsoft Office setup come with an activation code? If yes, then you need to input this unique product key by visiting office.com/setup. If you have Microsoft Office 365, then you can also renew your subscription. Launch the internet browser. Enter  www.office.com/setup in the URL bar.
amarajones
2020-6-26 21:29
I am really impressed with the information you provide in your post. Looking forward to visiting more.Bitcoin Casino
installvipreantivirus Email Homepage
2020-6-27 17:10
Install vipre on your device and protect it from cyber threats.<a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download/">vipre download</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-antivirus-download/">vipre antivirus download</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/viper-security/">viper security</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-internet-security/">vipre internet security</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-advanced-security-download/">vipre advanced security download</a>
installkaspersky Email Homepage
2020-6-27 17:51
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
Machine Learning  Homework Help Email Homepage
2020-6-27 19:23
An excellent web site assists with tasks.   Machine Learning HomeworkHelp from urgenthomework.com has been very good. A deeper understanding of tough subjects gained:   Machine Learning HomeworkHelp Very helpful and supportive team. I would recommend this website if anyone wishes to gain a better understanding of difficult topics like myself. Thanks so much. Thanks so much.
Geek Squad Phone Number Email Homepage
2020-6-27 19:38
With Geek Squad Phone Number, get your queries answered and problems resolved 24x7. We offer an unrivaled level of help for your defective appliances.
samsung.com/printersetup Email Homepage
2020-6-27 20:46
Samsung printing business has its finest solutions with us. This services for all your needs of Samsung printer setup, find at our samsung.com/printersetup.
jeff
2020-6-27 23:19
Amazing and Interesting things to read and learn. Its amazing to find something interesting and cool. Enjoy shayari and motivation shayari and share them.
GARMIN EXPRESS
2020-6-29 13:31
Garmin express - Garmin express is a software application designed by the company to update, install and manage all the garmin devices from your desktop only.<a href=" https://www.mygarminexpress.com/install-garmin-express/">garmin express</a>        <a href="https://www.mygarminexpress.com">garmin express</a>
uqs Email Homepage
2020-6-29 18:31
When it comes to your academic dreams and grades we try to give our best by supporting you in completing your college assignments. Our administrative experts work dedicatedly and passionately to provide top quality essay writing help to the students. Meticulous paper structures, subject matter relevance, free from grammatical errors are main characteristics that our highly experienced and talented writers endeavor for. Still drowning in the worry to complete your college assignments?<a href="https://uniquesubmission.com/">Assignment helpers Online</a> http://zyan.cc/inc/securitycode.php?rand=3743https://uniquesubmission.com/
uqs Email Homepage
2020-6-29 18:32
When it comes to your academic dreams and grades we try to give our best by supporting you in completing your college assignments. Our administrative experts work dedicatedly and passionately to provide top quality essay writing help to the students. Meticulous paper structures, subject matter relevance, free from grammatical errors are main characteristics that our highly experienced and talented writers endeavor for. Still drowning in the worry to complete your college assignments?<a href="https://uniquesubmission.com/">Assignment helpers Online</a> https://uniquesubmission.com/
installvipre Email Homepage
2020-6-29 18:32
installvipreantivirus Email Homepage
2020-6-29 18:51
Install vipre on your device and protect it from cyber threats.<a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/">install vipre using product key</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download-with-product-key/">vipre download with product key</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-activation/">vipre activation</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/i-need-to-install-vipre/">i need to install vipre</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/install-vipre-with-key-code/">install vipre with key code</a>
Geek Squad Pricing Email Homepage
2020-6-29 18:58
Buy the best products at an affordable Geek Squad Pricing and get our great assistance in dealing with your devices’ issues. Contact us
trendmicro-activate Email Homepage
2020-6-30 09:38
Trendmicro activate for your mac and pc.When you activate trendmicro antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by trendmicro activation https://trendmicro-activate.com/https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/https://trendmicr... href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/">trend micro activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/">activate trend micro internet security</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trend-micro-internet-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trendmicro-com-activate/">trendmicro.com/activate</a>
分页: 163/438 第一页 上页 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]