[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(841566)
mcafee dell activation Email Homepage
2020-7-16 17:49
Install mcafee and secure your home and business computer nowhttps://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-download/https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-login/https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-support/<a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-download/">mcafee dell download</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-login/">mcafee dell login</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-support/">mcafee dell support</a>
bitdefenderactivation Email Homepage
2020-7-16 17:58
Bitdefender is the best compatible antivirus among all the devices. It is a solid and robust combo of cloud scanning technology which protects your operating from all harmful elements.Below mentioned are the services provided by bitdefender activation<a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com">bitdefender activation</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/bitdefender-central">bitdefender central</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/bitdefender-login-account">bitdefender login account</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/install-bitdefender-antivirus">install bitdefender antivirus</a><a href="https://bitdefenderactivation.com/bitdefender-downloads/">bitdefender downloads</a>
installvipreantivirus Email Homepage
2020-7-16 18:23
Install vipre on your device and protect it from cyber threats.<a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download/">vipre download</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-antivirus-download/">vipre antivirus download</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/viper-security/">viper security</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-internet-security/">vipre internet security</a>  <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-advanced-security-download/">vipre advanced security download</a>
brothersupport0509 Email Homepage
2020-7-17 14:29
Hello! I am James Smit. an experienced and professional technical writer, who write immense blogs on the topic Epson Printer troubleshooting . Most of the users have a query about how to update Epson printer Supporthttps://www.printertollfreenumber.com/epson-printer-troubleshootinghttps://www.printertollfreenumber.com/epson-printer-support
trendmicro-activate Email Homepage
2020-7-17 18:10
Trendmicro activate for your mac and pc.When you activate trendmicro antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by trendmicro activation https://trendmicro-activate.com/https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/https://trendmicr... href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/">trend micro activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/">activate trend micro internet security</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trend-micro-internet-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trendmicro-com-activate/">trendmicro.com/activate</a>
trendmicrobestbuy Email Homepage
2020-7-17 18:30
Trend micro best buy download trend micro antivirus and secure your computer against unwanted cyber threats available online. https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/trend-micro-best-buy-activate/https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/... href="https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/">trendmicro best buy</a><a href="https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/trend-micro-best-buy-activate/">trend micro best buy activate</a><a href="https://trendmicrobestbuy.com/trend-micro-best-buy-activation/">trend micro best buy activation</a>
MYOB Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-7-18 11:44
I am having a look ahead in your subsequent submit urgent homework assignment, you really make it appear really easy together with your presentation however I in finding my urgent homework  to be really one thing which I feel I might by no means understand. It kind of feels too complicated and very vast for me.   MYOB  HomeworkHelp
trendmicro-activate Email Homepage
2020-7-18 16:49
Trendmicro activate for your mac and pc.When you activate trendmicro antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by trendmicro activation https://trendmicro-activate.com/https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/https://trendmicr... href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/">trend micro activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/">activate trend micro internet security</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trend-micro-internet-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trendmicro-com-activate/">trendmicro.com/activate</a>
BIGMECHANIC Homepage
2020-7-18 18:04
BigMechanic is the best car service consultancies Company with top quailty service provider in Dehardun. Contact 9520340465 We pride ourselves as one of the best residential and commercial car repair in dehradun.https://www.bigmechanic.in
galisatta123 Email Homepage
2020-7-18 18:54
it is really a great and helpful piece of info. I am glad that you shared this helpful information with us. Please keep us
netgear extexnder setup Email Homepage
2020-7-18 18:58
A Netgear Wi-Fi extender is a device that is used for propagating the internet signal in those areas of the home where the message doesn't reach properly. Hence, by installing the Netgear range extender in the house is the correct way to deal with no internet signal issue. But, before installing the Netgear range extender, one must know the steps to setup Netgear extender. Therefore, for all users, we have here discussed the ways for completing the setup process.The methods provided here in this section, we have enrolled some simple and easy Netgear range extender setup steps that would be helpful to get out of the trouble. Thus, the users who are interested to learn how to set up Netgear extender, and then check out the details provided here in this content. The Netgear extender setup is the ultimate solution to spread the Wi-Fi signals to every corner of the house. Thus, the users who are not able to accomplish the Netgear range extender setup process, then they should not worry. As here we have provided some quick fixes to deal with the setup procedure.Netgear range extender setup
nisha Email Homepage
2020-7-20 16:55
Most of the students are fascinated with opting Law as a career. A good academic record leads to a good placement also. Unique Submission law assignment writing help services  are here to take off the burden of multiple assignment writing topics from your shoulders. Here our law subject expert writers will ensure to get you peerless outcomes with their law assignments help on the comprehensive writing academic field. <a href="https://uniquesubmission.com/law-assignment-writing-help-services/">Law assignment writing help</a>
Satta Matta matka Email Homepage
2020-7-20 18:12
I have read your article, it is really interesting and has lots of useful information. I also recommend it to friends so they can read it and they see the same thing
Satta Matta matka Email Homepage
2020-7-20 18:13
I have read your article, it is really interesting and has lots of useful information. I also recommend it to friends so they can read it and they see the same thing
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-7-20 21:18
Thanks for this valuable information. keep up the good work.https://geeksquadwebroot.sitey.me
malwarebytesinstall.weebly Email Homepage
2020-7-20 21:39
Thanks for this valuable information. keep up the good work.https://malwarebytesinstall.weebly.com
Sofia
2020-7-21 11:58
Excellent information you have shared, thanks for taking the time to share with us such a great article. I really appreciate your work.McAfee.com/Activate
AOL Download Email Homepage
2020-7-21 14:25
AOL is a reputed Email service provider known for its state-of-the-art and fully secure communication solutions. However, it is not just limited to the web-based messaging service. In fact, it provides a whole lot of products and services to enhance and safeguard your digital life.
Hulu Login Email Homepage
2020-7-21 14:26
Hulu Login is your key to access the US’s most preferred streaming service. Because of incredible and unmatched TV shows, videos and movies, the streaming service portal is engaging more and more people in it. If you too wish to enroll for this service, Start the process of Hulu Login in the following manner.
ronan1234 Email Homepage
2020-7-21 17:51
McAfee login Mobile Security protects your mobile devices and personal data from cyberthreats, unsecured networks and malicious apps.https://mcafeepro.com/
分页: 167/436 第一页 上页 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]