[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
Roadrunner Email
2020-8-17 17:59
Roadrunner Email, also known as Spectrum email, is a no-cost email service that has gained immense popularity in recent years. In past years, Time Warner Cable, an internet service provider, has offered this service to millions of users around the globe. But later, Spectrum of Charter Communication has overtaken the service.
nakia01
2020-8-17 23:31
very nice post, i definitely enjoy this fabulous website great websitehttps://singaporetuitionteachers.com/
download-avira-for-windows-10
2020-8-18 12:28
Thanks for this amazing post!!https://my-avira.com/download-avira-for-windows-10/<a href="https://my-avira.com/download-avira-for-windows-10/">Download avira for windows 10</a>
Satta Matka
2020-8-18 12:51
This post is very helpful for me. Remember, though, to do your research and figure out which online game are in demand. Sign up for a matka game if you want to make extra money. You will get perfect guessing by top guesser and fast matka result at Satta Matka
Prompt
2020-8-18 18:38
Great blog! I really love how it is easy on my eyes and the information are well written.certificate attestation in Dubai
reset roku password
2020-8-18 20:47
If you want to reset roku password it is very simple to do that, if you have access to your registered email address then you can easily get a link to reset it. If you have forgotten your email address then need not to worry. Roku provides an easy procedure to access the account. Go through some steps to reset your account. To know more visit ushttps://www.how-to-reset.com/blog/roku-pin/reset roku password
trendmicro-activate
2020-8-20 20:32
Trendmicro activate for your mac and pc.When you activate trendmicro antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by trendmicro activation https://trendmicro-activate.com/https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/https://trendmicr... href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/">trend micro activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/">activate trend micro internet security</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trend-micro-internet-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trendmicro-com-activate/">trendmicro.com/activate</a>
rk1888312
2020-8-20 22:20
The current website and suite of apps offered by MSN was first introduced by Microsoft in 2014 as part of a complete redesign and relaunch.MSN is based in the United States and offers international versions of its portal for dozens of countries around the world. contact msn by phone MSN Technical Support This is very informative and helpful post in the blog posting world. Your every post always give us some qualitative things. So thank you so much for sharing this post.
norton setup
2020-8-21 13:40
Norton Security Standard can protect only one system. Norton Security Deluxe can be used for up to 5 systems, and Norton Security Premium can protect up to 10 systems. To know more about them and their comparison you can visit the official site of Norton.https://nortonn-norton.com
mcafee activate
2020-8-21 13:44
McAfee antivirus is world known antivirus for PC, Mac, Tablet and portable. In the course of the most recent 30 years, while making sure about your gadgets against infections, malware, fileless assaults, and different dangers at home and away, McAfee has assembled a rich and across the board worldwide danger knowledge organize.McAfee use security examination, cloud security, SIEM, and AI to permit assurance, identification, and revision to happen at the same time from gadget to cloud.http://mcafeeactivation.site
office setup
2020-8-21 13:46
Microsoft Office Framework is a completed heap of various tasks and applications including servers, organizations, and game plans. It helps in scaling up the affiliation's capacity to viably manage the private productivity data.http://wheeoffice.com
norton setup
2020-8-21 13:47
Norton Security Standard can protect only one system. Norton Security Deluxe can be used for up to 5 systems, and Norton Security Premium can protect up to 10 systems. To know more about them and their comparison you can visit the official site of Norton.
shilpakhan
2020-8-21 19:14
Escort Service Hyderabad is easy to get Hyderabad Escorts as we have lots of beautiful female Escorts who are ready for pleasure and erotic fun with clients to enjoy .Visit Now : - http://www.nfomedia.com/profile?uid=rJeSffJ&result=sf9xb351https://www.tested.com/profile/shilpakhan/https://www.sho...
alex5944
2020-8-22 15:04
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. I really enjoyed reading this post. www.malwarebytes.com/mac
alex5944
2020-8-22 15:08
Thanks for sharing it with us. I enjoyed the reading.
alex5944
2020-8-22 15:10
Thanks for sharing it with us. I enjoyed the reading.
Mcafee activate
2020-8-22 16:52
I am really thankful to the holder of this site who has shared this fantastic blog at at this place.mcafee activate 25 digit code
geeksquadwebroot
2020-8-22 18:09
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/h...
trendmicro-activate
2020-8-22 18:29
Trendmicro activate for your mac and pc.When you activate trendmicro antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by trendmicro activation https://trendmicro-activate.com/https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/https://trendmicr... href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/">trend micro activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/activate-trend-micro-internet-security/">activate trend micro internet security</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/install-trend-micro-activation-code/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trend-micro-internet-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://trendmicro-activate.com/trendmicro-com-activate/">trendmicro.com/activate</a>
www.trendmicro.com/downloadme
2020-8-23 15:11
www.trendmicro.com/downloadme - You can download any of the TrendMicro version from the www trendmicro com downloadme URL. Either your device is new, or you bought it previously, each device requires threat and virus protection from any of the antivirus. www.trendmicro.com/downloadme
分页: 174/436 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178