[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8457) | 引用(0) | 阅读(729193)
sofimariyam Email Homepage
2020-10-2 14:02
One explanation that you may encounter unlock Yahoo account frustration is a result of issue in the record recovery steps. If such a situation rises, by then it'll be sensible for you to use the tech help that is available in the specialized help regions or you can call the customer administration to get a couple of techniques to deal with the issue. unlock Yahoo account
pathak2004 Email Homepage
2020-10-2 15:35
Nice Post bro see alsoHindi Help GuideTechnical For UsHindi For HelpHindi Help Guide
coleluis072 Email Homepage
2020-10-5 17:02
Pharma Meds Store is a Best Online Pharmacy Selling a Wide range of medicine. You can Buy Medicine Online from any corner of the country in USA.<a href=https://www.pharmamedsstore.com/product/buy-tadalista-cialis-online/>buy tadalista online</a>buy  tadalista cialis 60 mg online in usafor more information mail support- pharmamedsstore01@gmail.com  phone- +1 214 937 4636     visit us on -   https://www.pharmamedsstore.com/
coleluis072 Email Homepage
2020-10-5 17:06
Pharma Meds Store is a Best Online Pharmacy Selling a Wide range of medicine. You can Buy Medicine Online from any corner of the country in USA.<a href=https://www.pharmamedsstore.com/product/buy-tadalista-cialis-online/>buy tadalista online</a>buy  tadalista cialis 60 mg online in usafor more information mail support- pharmamedsstore01@gmail.com  phone- +1 214 937 4636     visit us on -   https://www.pharmamedsstore.com/
R Epichlorohydrin Email Homepage
2020-10-5 18:53
Looking for R-Epichlorohydrin in India (CAS no:51594-55-0)? Our organization is committed to assembling and providing simply the best and high chiral virtue drug and strength synthetic substances in India, across different urban communities, for example, Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Ahmedabad, Vishakhapatnam. At whatever point it comes to profiting R-Epichlorohydrin, our name starts things out in the brains of individuals who know about our top-notch items. We have up to 99.9% chiral virtue accessible and we can generally modify our item according to the necessities of the clients' determinations.S Epichlorohydrin,R Epichlorohydrin,R Glycidyl Butyrate,S Glycidyl ButyrateS EpichlorohydrinR EpichlorohydrinR Glycidyl Butyrate
Kevin Ulrich Email Homepage
2020-10-5 19:37
At first, the car accident lawyer talks with the other driver’s insurer. And they get the essential evidence concerning responsibility. Further, they organize your medical reports and charges.Similarly, they communicate with your health care providers to get the missing reports. On the other hand, they work with the doctors to ensure that they offer the medical details you require to prove damages in your case. Secondly, they arrange and present evidence to prove liability and injuries. They are the ones who litigate with lien holders on the claim like health, disability, or workers’ compensation insurers to decrease the amount and negotiate a satisfactory compensation with the insurance adjuster or defense lawyer. Visit Car Accident Lawyer in Pasco
garmin_gps Email Homepage
2020-10-6 12:59
We know the value of Garmin Gps Update and keep reading good content about the same. I found this blog very informative and it increased my understanding about garmin update to a great extent. You can use Garmin Map to get Garmin lifetime maps update or call +1-888-309-0939 for instant help from Garmin GPS experts.https://www.garmingpsmapupdate.com/
garmin_nuvi Email Homepage
2020-10-6 13:00
I did not know the entire benefits of Garmin Nuvi Map Update. But since I have read this blog on map update, I have installed all available updates for my garmin device. I must say that this piece of blog has helped me improve navigation experience. I am not suggesting all my friends to read this blog and get Garmin map update with this team. you can contact us at toll-free number +1 888-309-0939.https://www.garminnuvimapupdate.com/
slotxo Email Homepage
2020-10-6 16:22
JOKER AUTO ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นผู้เล่นใหม่ที่ไม่เคยเล่นสล็อตมาก่อนในชีวิต หรือผู้เล่น ระดับ MATER คุณไม่ควรพลาดความสนุกทุกช่วงเวลาไปกับ JOKER SLOT อย่างแน่นอน เพราะเรามีภาพกราฟฟิกที่ดีเยี่ยม และระบบอัตโนมัติที่รวดเร็ว ที่ใช้เวลาเพียงแค่ไม่ถึง 1 นาที ก็เพลิดเพลินไปกับเกมส์สล็อตได้อย่างไม่มีขีดจำกัด ได้ที่ XOJOKER https://xojoker.com/https://xoautobet.comhttps://www.xopgslot.com/
123.hp.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-10-7 16:02
I am an ardent blogger with a lot of passion to know more on digital products and their functions. It is simple for me to acquire technical knowledge of several gadgets especially printers. I just wanted to help you people who are struggling to set up their devices. Read my site 123.hp.com/setup to get useful tips from the user's point of view. Call us @ +1-800-237-0201123.hp.com/setup123.hp.comwww.123.hp.com/setup
Affordable seo services Email Homepage
2020-10-7 21:58
Thank you for another great article. Where else could anyone get that kind of information in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I am on a look out for such information. Affordable seo servicesAffordable seo services
Affordable seo services Email Homepage
2020-10-7 21:59
Thank you for another great article. Where else could anyone get that kind of information in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I am on a look out for such information. Affordable seo servicesAffordable seo services
Curse Client Email Homepage
2020-10-9 19:02
Are you addicted to online gaming here we are with Curse client is a multi-purpose tool that optimizes the gaming experience by managing the add-ons of thousands of game plays. now can enjoy your gaming experience without any interruption you just have to visit us not supporting and do follow our blog.Curse Client
Webroot geek squad download Email Homepage
2020-10-9 19:27
Webroot geek squad download is undoubtedly one of the most appreciated and renowned for removing viruses and restricting malicious links and sites to open on the device and thus it protects data and devices on a large scale.Webroot geek squad download
Webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2020-10-9 19:30
Webroot.com/safe is an antivirus that is good and has the best ratings. It is also affordable as compared to another antivirus. If you are finding an affordable antivirus webroot safe is one of them. As compared to McAfee, it is faster. It protects your internet services and whole devices from malware.
leemark Email
2020-10-9 22:27
Nice dude!!!Smadav 2021
amira Email
2020-10-9 22:32
Great dude!!!Smadav 2021
Samira Email
2020-10-9 22:36
Great Dude!!!
Samira Email
2020-10-9 22:37
Great Dude!!!Smadav 2021
分页: 182/423 第一页 上页 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]