[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8743) | 引用(0) | 阅读(863190)
yyy Email Homepage
2020-10-30 22:12
<a href="https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com">Rand McNally Lifetime Map Updates</a><a href="https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com">Rand McNally gps update 2020</a><a href="https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com">Rand McNally Truck GPS update</a><a href="https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com">Rand McNally updates</a><a href="https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com">Rand McNally map update</a><a href="https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com">Rand McNally Gps Update</a>
yyy Email Homepage
2020-10-30 22:12
https://randmcnallygpsupdates.com
yyy Email Homepage
2020-10-30 22:13
https://officesetuptips.com
ij.start canon
2020-10-31 12:47
Canon ij.start canon printer is a complete solution for multiple works that you can easily learn to set up from ij.start.canon and get a better experience. This is the official online support site that provides you https //ij.start.canon  online manuals, function information, and more. What’s more at the http //ij.start.canon  site is download and installation steps for Canon ij setup that is required for the complete Canon set up process.
Personal Injury lawyer Email Homepage
2020-10-31 14:56
We are a group of civil litigators who can help you with dealing with Personal Injury cases and armed with permissions to practice in all aspects of the law. Moreover, we can ensure the client’s security from being deceived by firms that give insurance and the organized legal system. We can help those who have sustained injustices in accidents to gain economic compensation. For more Information related to  Personal Injury Lawyer Just call @ +1-727-410-8468
Rent A PC Email Homepage
2020-10-31 17:33
Rent a PC provides Desktops Laptops for a rental basis from a few days, months or even years. Flexible Contracts with Quick Support Laptop on Rent Latest News
Debra55 Email Homepage
2020-10-31 20:05
Thanks for sharing a batter idea.Please upload more post in different topics.Check my Blog For something new.
https://bit.ly/34HQtpX
Kevin Ulrich Email Homepage
2020-10-31 21:38
At first, the pinellas car accident lawyer talks with the other driver’s insurer. And they get the essential evidence concerning responsibility. Further, they organize your medical reports and charges.Similarly, they communicate with your health care providers to get the missing reports. 
Best General Practice Attorney Email Homepage
2020-11-2 18:34
nice informationthanks for sharingLooking for an best general practice attorney? Visit us for legal queries and process
ij.start canon Email
2020-11-2 18:46
Canon ij.start canon printer is a complete solution for multiple works that you can easily learn to set up from ij.start.canon and get a better experience. This is the official online support site that provides you https //ij.start.canon  online manuals, function information, and more. What’s more at the http //ij.start.canon  site is download and installation steps for Canon ij setup that is required for the complete Canon set up process.
jopnny Email Homepage
2020-11-3 14:10
Eliminate your office passwordWhen you sign in to any Microsoft service, quickly and securely verify your identity with the Microsoft Authenticator app on your phone. Your phone provides an extra layer of security on top of your PIN or fingerprint. Available on iOS and Android.For More <a href="https://office-settup.com/">office.com/setup</a>
jonny Email Homepage
2020-11-3 14:16
Eliminate your office passwordWhen you sign in to any Microsoft service, quickly and securely verify your identity with the Microsoft Authenticator app on your phone. Your phone provides an extra layer of security on top of your PIN or fingerprint. Available on iOS and Android.For More <a href="https://office-settup.com/">office.com/setup</a>
www.webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2020-11-3 14:32
This is a really useful blog. I really enjoyed reading this blog. It was explained and structured with perfection. It helps youngsters to know more about it.First step is Go to Link www.webroot.com/safe..After then, register the account or if already have account then log in with valid credentials to sign in the account.Go to the Google play web store and search webroot secureanywhere application.Download the File on the Android with Valid Key code.<a href="https://webroot-webroot.com/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>
www.Norton.com/Setup Email Homepage
2020-11-3 14:33
it's very informative post. thanks for sharing a simple and very fruitful information with us it was really a good and beneficial for us. http://norton-norton.com/ Norton.com/safe - sign in to norton account and enter norton setup product key at www.norton.com/safe to download and install norton in your device.<a href="https://nortors.com/setup/">www.norton.com/setup</a>
office Email Homepage
2020-11-3 16:08
www.office.com/setup: Get started with the best productivity suite by visiting office.com/setup and download Microsoft office products. Use the 25 digit office setup product key for office installation and activation.
paul william Email Homepage
2020-11-3 20:38
??Open the web browser and visit McAfee.com/activate. ??Sign in to your McAfee Account. ??Enter 25 Digit Mcafee Product key to Activate it.Mcafee.com/ActivateVisit Support.brother.com and enter your printer Model to download Brother Printer Drivers. Install it &amp; Begin with your Printing.Brother Printer DriversNetgear Extender Not Working?Try to open www.mywifiext.net to setup of WiFi Extender. Check out the steps for WiFi extender Configuration.MywifiExt
webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2020-11-4 14:17
webroot geek squad download can be easily done from webroot com safe. currently days we tend to all area unit mistreatment devices to finish our digital task i.e. Shopping, Education, Banking, etc. while not protecting our devices area unit may be at high risk.
mcafee activate Email Homepage
2020-11-4 16:26
McAfee Total security installation wizard, follow theinstruction to activate your McAfee Antivirus and successively install on your system. McAfee Total Security as your security program used.
mcafee activate Email Homepage
2020-11-4 16:27
McAfee Total security installation wizard, follow theinstruction to activate your McAfee Antivirus and successively install on your system. McAfee Total Security as your security program used.
JOHN Email Homepage
2020-11-5 13:54
Eliminate your office passwordWhen you sign in to any Microsoft service, quickly and securely verify your identity with the Microsoft Authenticator app on your phone. Your phone provides an extra layer of security on top of your PIN or fingerprint. Available on iOS and Android.For More <a href="https://office-settup.com/">office.com/setup</a>
分页: 185/438 第一页 上页 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]