[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(842128)
Rijles Den Haag Email Homepage
2018-12-12 13:28
Rijles Den Haag Hofstad rijopleiding is écht gevestigd in Den Haag Wij helpen je met het behalen van je autorijbewijs na je rijexamen leer je pas echt autorijden Wij helpen je een heel eind op weg om het verkeer in Den Haag én in Nederland de baas te zijn Wij gaan voor kwalitatief rijden!
t10 cricket Email Homepage
2018-12-12 15:05
Hi very nice post.<a href="http://bijanahindinews.com/ ">Bijana Hindi News</a><a href="http://bijananews.com/ ">Bijana News</a><a href="https://www.pixelfollow.com/ ">Pixel Follow</a><a href="http://t10crickets.com/ ">T10 Cricket</a>
seo services in faridabad Email Homepage
2018-12-12 15:12
Very nice post and right to the point. also, see other posts really good content I find here. Thank you.seo services in faridabad
website design company in Delhi Email Homepage
2018-12-12 15:49
very good writes. feel good after reading this. I really like this. Thank you for this blog post.web design company in delhi
vaibhav Email Homepage
2018-12-12 16:53
Blockchain Technology Market Research Report - Global Forecast to 2022
vaibhav Email Homepage
2018-12-12 16:54
Blockchain Technology Market Research Report - Global Forecast to 2022
vaibhav Email Homepage
2018-12-12 16:55
Very Nice Article. Global Blockchain Technology Market, by Services (Payment, Contract, Documentation, Exchanges), by Application (Government, Healthcare, Media & Entertainment, Banking & Finance) - Forecast 2022.https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/block-chain-technology-market-1708
SEO San Jose CA Email Homepage
2018-12-12 17:16
very amazing Information. Really impressed after reading this blog Information. I really like this. Keep sharing always like this blog. Thank you for sharing.seo san jose ca
Robert1122 Email Homepage
2018-12-12 21:01
Really Nice Post! Thanks for Sharing this this amazing post its really helpful. Really informative no doublt about it.mcafee.com/activateoffice.com/setupnorton.com/setupmcafee.com/activate
peter999099 Email Homepage
2018-12-13 18:15
Free technical service to install office on a Windows computer or mac computer.www.office.com/setup
kazenkamei Email Homepage
2018-12-14 06:26
Online Pharmacy Pills is a user-friendly online pharmacy. The team of this online pharmacy always tries to fulfill the demands of the customers. It makes the medicines discoverable and understandable. The services of this online pharmacy are very transparent.Soma 500 mg
office.com/setup Email
2018-12-14 14:54
I like this blog very much, Its a very nice billet to read and incur Info.You've performed a fantastic process in this topic! www.office.com/setup
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2018-12-17 15:01
Mcafee Antivirus Setup–Get started to McAfee Activate and finish establishment and initiation from mcafee.com/activate on the web.mcafee.com/activate
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2018-12-17 17:15
macfee.com/activate- Activate, Install, Download and Renew Your Product With Live Support. Setup Your Product, Activate Your Product, Install Your Product With 3 Setup.
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-12-17 18:24
Office Setup, To Install MS Office a legitimate 25 character item key is required. Visit  Office.com/Setup to sign in to office represent establishment. office.com/setup
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-12-20 15:19
I like this blog very much, Its a very nice billet to read and incur Info.You've performed a fantastic process in this topic! www.office.com/setup
Rose009 Email Homepage
2018-12-22 14:24
In case any message saying ‘Stop’ pops up while installing Microsoft Office 365 due to a compatibility issue, contact our live chat support.www.office.com/setup
sam009 Email Homepage
2018-12-25 14:03
www.office.com/setupInstalling your Microsoft Office365 may be you can see the message like, Stop, you should wait to install Office 2016.www.office.com/setup
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-12-27 13:20
Microsoft Office has thought of a bit of most recent updates in its applications, for example, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and express others. office.com/setup | norton.com/setup | mcafee.com/activate | office.com/setup
Merry Email Homepage
2018-12-27 17:45
Awesome service
分页: 19/436 第一页 上页 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]