一个发送HTML邮件的PHP函数[原创]
Nginx 0.5.33 + PHP 5.2.5（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache 10倍的Web服务器（第2版）[原创]
2007-11-29 22:11 | by
[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v1.2 最后修改：2008.01.02 转载请注明出处：http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》，但当时仅仅是用着玩，没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章，已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少，中文资料更是微乎其微，希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来，使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点：
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术，在内存的利用上，Varnish比Squid具有优势，它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件，性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错，我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月，没有发生过故障，而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口，可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存，这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器（Linux系统）：
1、创建www用户和组，以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录（/var/vcache）：
2、创建Varnish日志目录（/var/logs/）：
3、编译安装varnish：
4、创建Varnish配置文件：
输入以下内容：
这里，我对这段配置文件解释一下：
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5，端口为80的web服务器；
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存；
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理，非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”；
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存，对POST请求透过，让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置，是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的，需要服务器接收、处理，所以不缓存；
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时，对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件：
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容：
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容：
再看看如何管理Varnish：
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率：
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理：
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令：
3、通过Varnish管理端口，使用正则表达式批量清除缓存：
(1)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址）：
(2)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址：
(3)、例：清除所有缓存：
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数（清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数，无需作任何修改，十分方便）：
附1：Varnish官方网站：http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2：2007年12月10日，我写了一个每天0点运行，按天切割Varnish日志，生成一个压缩文件，同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本（/var/logs/cutlog.sh）：
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下：
设置在每天00:00定时执行：
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》，但当时仅仅是用着玩，没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章，已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少，中文资料更是微乎其微，希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来，使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点：
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术，在内存的利用上，Varnish比Squid具有优势，它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件，性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错，我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月，没有发生过故障，而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口，可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存，这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器（Linux系统）：
1、创建www用户和组，以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录（/var/vcache）：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录（/var/logs/）：
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish：
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件：
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里，我对这段配置文件解释一下：
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5，端口为80的web服务器；
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存；
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理，非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”；
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存，对POST请求透过，让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置，是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的，需要服务器接收、处理，所以不缓存；
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时，对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件：
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish：
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率：
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理：
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令：
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口，使用正则表达式批量清除缓存：
(1)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址）：
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址：
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例：清除所有缓存：
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数（清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数，无需作任何修改，十分方便）：
附1：Varnish官方网站：http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2：2007年12月10日，我写了一个每天0点运行，按天切割Varnish日志，生成一个压缩文件，同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本（/var/logs/cutlog.sh）：
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下：
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行：
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容：引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
installkaspersky 
2021-1-7 12:28
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers• Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.• In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.https://installkaspersky.com<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
pro-mechanics
2021-1-7 13:58
Thanks for this valuable information!https://pro-mechanics.com/<a href="https://pro-mechanics.com/">pro-mechanics</a>
Virgo
2021-1-7 18:48
หวยธกส BAAC lottery or BAAC lottery is similar to the หวยออมสิน because it is a lottery based on results from Lottery from the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC), also known as the Taweesin lottery.
AME CET APPLY ONLINE
2021-1-7 20:38
AME IIAE DELHI is the only institute that provides excellent training as well as hundred percent placement assistance. They have an elaborate explaining of eligibility conditions including an entrance test. I am attaching a link that will give you all the required information about admission process in this Institute. https://www.iiae.in/apply-online.php/ . Contact Us: +91 9870290573Apply for: AME 2021 Entrance Examination
AME CET APPLY ONLINE
2021-1-7 20:43
The candidate has to fulfil the eligibility criteria to take admission in AME institute. A Candidate should fill the AME application form for registration. AME is the national level common entrance exam. Their form can be filled in online and offline mode. After clearing the exam ,candidate has to attend AME admission counseling to confirm their admission. Indian Institute of Aircraft are DGCA ,Gov. of India approved. DGCA is the Indian regulatory body which is under Ministry of Civil Aviation.AME CET Apply Online
AME 2021 Application Form
2021-1-7 22:41
Aircraft Maintenance Engineering is a 4 years license programme. It comprises of 2 years Academic and 2 years practical training in live environment. AME Course can pursue through Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Govt. of India approved AME Institute in India. AME Course is related to the protection and well-being of the aircraft and its passenger.<a href="https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/AME-2021-Entrance-Examination-Form/qaq-p/1572309">AME 2021 Application Form</a>
geeksquadwebroot
2021-1-8 18:03
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download/">webroot download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad/">webroot download geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad-download/">webroot download geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geeksquad/">webroot download geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download-pc/">webroot geek squad download pc</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-download-geek-squad/https://geeksquad...
AME 2021 Application Form
2021-1-8 20:56
https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Call-91-987-029-0577-For-AME-2021-Registration-Application-Form/qaq-p/1573690#M460907https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/AME-APPLY-ONLINE-AME-2021-Registration-Started/qaq-p/1573692#M460908https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/AME-2021-Registration-AME-Entrance-Exam-Apply-Online/qaq-p/1573695#M460909https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/AME-2021-Application-Form-Available-Exam-Dates/qaq-p/1573698#M460910https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Aircraft-Maintenance-Engineering-www-iiae-in/qaq-p/1573702#M460912https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Apply-for-Aircraft-Maintenance-Engineering-Entrance-Examination/qaq-p/1573705#M460913https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Apply-Online-AME-AIAEE-2021/qaq-p/1573708#M460914https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/ALL-INDIA-AME-ENTRANCE-EXAMINATION-APPLY-ONLINE-AIAEE/qaq-p/1573712#M460915https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Aircraft-Maintenance-Engineering-Admission-AME-2021-Registration/qaq-p/1573717#M460917https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/AME-2021-Application-Form-Eligibility-Criteria-Admit-Card-AIAEE/qaq-p/1573721#M460918https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Registration-Process-for-Aircraft-Engineering-Entrance-Exam/qaq-p/1573726#M460919https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-discussions/Aircraft-Maintenance-Engineering-Online-Application-Registration/m-p/1573730#M12394https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-discussions/AME-AIAEE-Application-Form-2021-Released-Apply-Online/m-p/1573735#M12395https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-discussions/AME-CET-2021-Application-Started-Dates-Eligibility/m-p/1573737#M12396https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-discussions/AME-2021-Exam-Important-Dates-Application-Form/m-p/1573740#M12397https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/AME-2021-Aircraft-Engineering-Entrance-Exam-How-to-Apply-Online/qaq-p/1573749#M460920https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Jira-questions/Student-login-AME-India-AIAEE-AME-2021/qaq-p/1573750#M460921https://aiaee-ame-entrance-exam.medium.com/ame-apply-online-ame-2021-registration-started-356611742741https://aiaee-ame-entrance-exam.medium.com/call-91-987-029-0577-for-ame-2021-registration-application-form-49b70f7962e3https://aiaee-ame-entrance-exam.medium.com/ame-2021-registration-ame-entrance-exam-apply-online-a4956eedf2de
Danny Crane
2021-1-9 05:51
How I wish that I had stumbled upon this post much sooner. The information in this website is quite fascinating. Would you like to pay for paper? If yes then you might be glad to know that we offer top quality academic papers at affordable prices. Kindly visit us today by simply clicking on the provided link.
installvipreantivirus
2021-1-9 20:10
Install vipre on your device and protect it from cyber threats.https://installvipreantivirus.com<a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/">install vipre using product key</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download-with-product-key/">vipre download with product key</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-activation/">vipre activation</a> <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/i-need-to-install-vipre/">i need to install vipre</a> <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/install-vipre-with-key-code/">install vipre with key code</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-download/">vipre download</a><a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/vipre-antivirus-download/">vipre antivirus download</a> <a href="https://installvipreantivirus.com/viper-security/">viper security</a>
PawanBlogs
2021-1-10 00:04
here are some ways or methods, which you can apply if your facing the error 'av service is not responding' with your avast antivirus.https://pawanblogs.com/how-to-fix-av-service-is-not-responding/ https://pawanblogs.com/how-to-fix-av-service-is-not-responding/
ijstartcanonij.mystrikingly
2021-1-11 19:04
Thanks for this valuable information!https://ijstartcanonij.mystrikingly.com/<a href="https://ijstartcanonij.mystrikingly.com/">ijstartcanonij.mystrikingly</a>
riya
2021-1-11 20:34
DLF share price - Get DLF detailed news, DLF stock quotes, company information, balance sheet, profit & loss account, 52 weeks high and low share price chart & more.DLF share price
llathora
2021-1-11 21:41
Windstreacm Email login administration is extraordinary compared to other electronic email administration accessible over the universe of the web. Most of the time people tend to forget their email passwords.then you can recover forgotten password for windstream login
ij-scan-utility.sitey
2021-1-11 22:03
Thanks for this valuable information!https://ij-scan-utility.sitey.me/ <a href="https://ij-scan-utility.sitey.me/">ij-scan-utility.sitey</a>
DeFi Development
2021-1-12 17:29
Binance Clone Script | Localbitcoins Clone ScriptBinance Clone ScriptLocalbitcoins clone script
DeFi Development
2021-1-12 17:30
Thanks for sharing this
DeFi Development
2021-1-12 17:31
Very Informative Article
Uniswap Clone Script
2021-1-12 17:44
Very Interesting Article
Binance Clone Script
2021-1-12 17:58
Sounds Good
分页： 197/436 
192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 
192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
