[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(863024)
Bangalore Escorts Email Homepage
2021-3-24 18:19
Bangalore Escorts Email Homepage
2021-3-24 18:20
Bangalore Escorts Email Homepage
2021-3-24 18:20
Bangalore Escorts Email Homepage
2021-3-24 18:20
Bangalore Escorts Email Homepage
2021-3-24 18:20
Emma Email
2021-3-25 17:13
Assignment help from GoAssignmentHelp is surely a thing you don't want to miss out on. AssignmentHelp offers you the best <it management assignment help in Australia.  GoAssignment Help has a team of highly experienced writers; they have already set a benchmark with their work strategic management assignment helpall around the world. Our team consists of many Ph.D. assignment experts who will help you with expertstrategic management assignment help  assistance in every way possible.
asdfasdf Email Homepage
2021-3-26 11:18
<p><a href="https://fenceabroadedu.wordpress.com/">https://fenceabroadedu.wordpress.com/</a></p>University of Perpetual Help System DALTA </a> is best autonomous and Top ranking medical university in Philippines-Las Pinas. Studying MBBS in the Philippines for Indian students, there is no doubt that you are in the right place. <a href="https://fenceabroadedu.wordpress.com/ "> Visit us </a> | Low Tuition Fees | Highly Secured Hostels | North and South Indian Foods | Complete End to End Care for Students | Call: +91-88077 44400<p><a href="https://fenceconsultancy.blogspot.com/">https://fenceconsultancy.blogspot.com/</a></p>https://fencea...
mazkin7 Homepage
2021-3-26 16:54
I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog. I will keep visiting this blog very often. if you want some great gaming content visit here:- https://bit.ly/39hbklR
gfd Email Homepage
2021-3-27 12:36
<p><a href="https://fenceconsultancy.blogspot.com/">https://fenceconsultancy.blogspot.com/</a></p>University of Perpetual Help System DALTA </a> is best autonomous and Top ranking medical university in Philippines-Las Pinas. Studying MBBS in the Philippines for Indian students, there is no doubt that you are in the right place. <a href="https://fenceabroadedu.wordpress.com/ "> Visit us </a> | Low Tuition Fees | Highly Secured Hostels | North and South Indian Foods | Complete End to End Care for Students | Call: +91-88077 44400<p><a href="https://fenceconsultancy.blogspot.com/">https://fenceconsultancy.blogspot.com/</a></p>https://fencea...
Jamesthomas6
2021-3-27 19:41
Are you one of those who are looking forward to handle Cash app won't let me send money  problems? In such a case, you should simply get in touch with the troubleshooting professionals who will provide you with feasible remedies and the best possible solutions within fractions of seconds. https://www.email-contactsupport.com/blog/cash-app-wont-let-me-send-money
Call girls in c scheme Jaipur Email Homepage
2021-3-30 15:39
We have lots of independent, young Indian models available here. Acting as an autonomous female C Call Girls scheme with 100% satisfaction offered. Come to us for unforgettable memories of big numbers. Call girls in c scheme Jaipur are no less than angels of any kind.
AOL Mail Login Email Homepage
2021-3-30 20:02
AOL Mail Login can here and there lead you to a couple of issues, yet the brand has chipped away at itemized step-wise guidance to investigate these issues and help you.https://sites.google.com/view/aolmailloginwwwmailaolcom/
entermcafekey.zohosites Email Homepage
2021-3-30 22:47
installtrendmicro Email Homepage
2021-3-30 22:47
Install trend micro at www.installtrendmicro.com antivirus is one of the top rated antivirus program available online. It safeguards a user from cyber threats such as malware, spyware and viruses that may steal confidential user information and that information later can be used by hackers for financial gains. Trend micro also optimizes computer system for performance related issues. https://installtrendmicro.com<a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">Download trend micro with Serial number</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-on-new-computer/">Install trend micro on new computer</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-without-disk/">install trend micro without disk</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trendmicro/">trendmicro.com/bestbuy</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/www-trendmicro-com-activation/">www.trendmicro.com/activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trendmicro-com-max/">www.trendmicro.com/getmax</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">trendmicro homeinstall</a>
printertechsolutions Email Homepage
2021-3-31 14:52
Do you have an HP printer it needs some software to improve the performance of the smart app, scanner software, scan doctor. These all software are performing differently by respective works like scanning your hp printer performance, identify the printer errors, checking ink cartridge level and also paper struck problems. So you need this type of software contact our website<a href="https://123hpcom.tech/hp-smart-app/">HP Smart App</a> (smart app)
printertechsolutions Email Homepage
2021-3-31 15:01
Do you need troubleshooting your hp printer for the reason of wireless connection error, scanner error, fax error, disconnection printer receiver problem, printer not connected with the devices, so it may be very difficult or easy to fix based on their type of problem so feel free,  we are here for troubleshooting your hp printer by well-experienced printer technician by through online session of our website<a href="https://123hpcom.tech/hp-printer-embedded-web-services-ews/">printer setup</a>.
printertechsolutions Email Homepage
2021-3-31 15:06
Do you have an HP printer it needs some software to improve the performance of the hp printer, smart app, scanner software, scan doctor. These all software are performing differently by respective works like scanning your hp printer performance, identify the printer errors, checking ink cartridge level and also paper struck problems. So you need this type of software contact our website <a href="https://123hpcom.tech/how-to-scan-using-hp-smart-app/">printer setup</a> (smart app, scan doctor, scanner software)
printertechsolutions Email Homepage
2021-3-31 15:24
Do you have an HP printer it needs some software to improve the performance of hp printer, Webscan, scanner software, scan doctor. These all software are performing differently by respective works like scanning your hp printer performance, identify the printer errors, checking ink cartridge level and also paper struck problems. So you need this type of software contact our website <a href="https://123hpcom.tech/hp-easy-scan/">HP Easy Scan</a> (smart app, scan doctor, Webscan)
SOPHIA TAYLOR Email Homepage
2021-3-31 16:16
That is a good tip particularly to those new to the blogosphere. Simple but very accurate information. Thank you for sharing this one. A must-read post!  I want to suggest our article about purity quiz. A score of 0-100 determines the maturity of youth. The test evaluates how “pure” you are. So, if you are looking to get a judgment of your purity of how “pure” or “impure” you are then examining from the below purity score scale will show off! Visit our blog.https://fs23.formsite.com/LRee7L/Rice-Purity-Test/index.html
installvipre Email Homepage
2021-3-31 19:58
分页: 212/438 第一页 上页 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]