[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862508)
mshahid Email
2021-7-9 11:43
I’m excited to uncover this page. I need to to thank you for ones time for this particularly fantastic read !! I definitely really liked every part of it and i also have you saved to fav to look at new information in your site. voyance
amazon.com/code Email Homepage
2021-7-9 13:33
We are not Amazon. This website is for information purposes only. For more help, visit amazon.com/mytvhttps://sites.google.com/view/amazoncomuscode/
Richard Email Homepage
2021-7-9 15:07
great!
Richard Email Homepage
2021-7-9 15:08
Richard Homepage
2021-7-9 15:08
devinanderson Email Homepage
2021-7-9 18:16
If you are a newbie and do not know how to configure ij.start.canon, this article will walk you through the process of configuring the Canon printer wired and wirelessly on a Windows 10 or Mac device. It is needed to instal the latest drivers in order to set up the printer. It is very crucial, however, that you know the model number in order to find the latest IJ canon setup drivers. https://canoncomsijsetup.com/ij-start-canon/   If you are having trouble while using canon printer on your device and you have tried every solution to fix the issue, then the last thing you are left with is to uninstall and re-install the Canon Printer driver. So, in this article, we have clearly discussed how to uninstall the printer on a Mac. This will be followed by a discussion on the re-installation process that can be easily done via canon.com/ijsetuphttps://sites.google.com/view/canoncomijprintersetup  To log in to your PayPal Prepaid MasterCard account to fetch your balance, activate or reload your card, go to the PayPal login page and feed your login details.https://sites.google.com/view/paypalslogin/   You2betomp3 is a strong YouTube to MP3 and MP4 converter that is quick, fast, and easy to use. You may now get video and music from a variety of other supported services, such as Vimeo and Facebook, in addition to YouTube.https://you2betomp3.cc/
paul Email
2021-7-10 18:22
Thanks a lot for sharing a piece of wonderful information Looking great work dear, I really appreciated to you on this quality work.Nice post!! these tips may help me for future.https://www.geek-squad-appointment.us/pornographic-virus-alert-from-microsoft/https://www.geek-squad-appointment.us/cash...
Henry
2021-7-11 19:42
If you are using Gmail on your mobile phone and you are not getting Gmail notifications, then verify if you have allowed notification permission to the Gmail app. You can check the same by navigating to the App Permission section of your mobile phone.
Cash app clearance fee Email Homepage
2021-7-12 11:57
Are you planning to stop using Cash App from now onwards and wish to know about the Cash App clearance fee? Well, you must know that all transactions on Cash App take place on an instant basis and there is no charge hold on to it. Thus, Cash App does not charge you any clearance fee to make transactions. However, you might need to pay some fees for credit card payments.
Malwarebytes premium Download Email Homepage
2021-7-12 12:51
Malwarebytes premium Download is an anti-malware software that can be a great replacement for your system’s antivirus. It protects your system from all kinds of bad infections and as an example coming from the Internet (viruses, spyware, malware, adware, completely protects your system from ransomware, etc.  Malwarebytes premium Download  
123.hp.com/setup Email Homepage
2021-7-12 12:52
official link that helps user to download and Install HP Printer Driver.  The printer software will help you: Install printer software and drivers , Create an HP account and register your printer. After setup, you can use the HP Smart software to print, scan and copy files, print remotely, and more.123.hp.com/setup
hulu.com/activate enter code Email Homepage
2021-7-12 12:52
Hulu provides the simplest way to stream entertainment to your TV. On your terms. With thousands of available channels to choose from. hulu.com/activate enter code  
Amazon.com/mytv Email Homepage
2021-7-12 12:54
Amazon Prime is a paid premium package from Amazon that allows subscribers access to additional programs that are otherwise inaccessible or only available at a premium to all Amazon members in a variety of countries.Amazon.com/mytv    
Jennifer Email
2021-7-12 20:03
Hi! this is nice article you shared with great information. Thanks for giving such a wonderful informative information. I hope you will publish again such type of post. Also, please check out about Coinbase Login and Coinbase Wallet.
Louishill Email Homepage
2021-7-13 15:28
Assignment Help Dublin: Hire Best Ireland Assignment Writer for your Essay, Assignment Help & Projects. Buy Essays, Case Studies, and Dissertation Online, 24*7 Supports.
james Email
2021-7-14 01:21
Nowadays an Amazon prime user can watch the prime videos on many supporting devices like Amazon Fire tv, Gaming consoles, HULU, Android Tv, Apple Tv, Smart Tv, iPhones, Smartphones, and many other devices. To do so first you need to connect your streaming device with wifi and an Amazon Prime account. For more details, you can visit our website at www.amazon.com/mytvTubi tv is one of well known online video streaming platforms in the United States of America. Which provides free tv for its users. if you want the Tubi Tv subscription for yourself, feel free to visit our website at Tubi.tv/activate
hometuition Homepage
2021-7-14 23:46
Wonderful article. It's very useful. As a English tuition service provider, I really appreciate your post. Thanks for sharing this with us.https://singaporetuitionteachers.com/english-tuition/文字
sattakingrecords Email Homepage
2021-7-15 13:14
Gambling and betting are the worst addiction and Sattaking Record advising you not to indulge in such activities. Also, there are chances that gambling might be illegal in your country, and indulging in gambling activities might cost you a heavy fine or jail time.Satta King | Sattaking | Satta king
Jennifer Email
2021-7-15 15:07
Hi! this is nice article you shared with great information. Thanks for giving such a wonderful informative information. I hope you will publish again such type of post. Also, please check out about McAfee.com/Activate and www.mcafee.com/activate.
iparkeremma Email Homepage
2021-7-15 19:52
Step by Step process to get the Cash App refund: If the transaction failed on your Cash App account, you need to cancel it and request refunds. Under the Cash App refund policy, customers can get a refund if the payment failed or is declined. You need to take the below-mentioned steps to get the refund money from Cash App: 1. Open the Cash App on your mobile phone 2. Log into your account and click on the Activity tab3. Here search for the failed payment from your account4. Now click on it on the right side you will see the … dots5. To cancel the transaction, hit on it 6. And then choose the Refund buttonhttps://www.thecashappcontact.com/how-to-fix-cash-app-transfer-failed-issue/Cash App Refund
分页: 233/438 第一页 上页 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]