[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8713) | 引用(0) | 阅读(840368)
What is Dutch BV Email Homepage
2021-10-5 11:56
If you wanted to know <a href="https://ondemandint.com/dutch-bv/" >What is Dutch BV</a>  than we will help you to streamlined, and the expenses associated with establishing a business in the Netherlands have been lowered, because of the new revisions to the Company Law. In addition, it is the most usually used kind of structure when founding a business in the Netherlands
What is Dutch BV Email Homepage
2021-10-5 11:56
If you wanted to know <a href="https://ondemandint.com/dutch-bv/" >What is Dutch BV</a>  than we will help you to streamlined, and the expenses associated with establishing a business in the Netherlands have been lowered, because of the new revisions to the Company Law. In addition, it is the most usually used kind of structure when founding a business in the Netherlands
Emma Jackson
2021-10-5 12:50
Hello I’m grateful to have read your content thank you. What a nice blog! I have enjoyed reading through the article although I landed on this site. If you are having issues in getting your research paper help completed accurately then do not hesitate Resume Writing Service and get your papers checked college essay writing service by the  in AU experts at GoAssignmentHelp.
Netherland Company Registration Email Homepage
2021-10-5 14:57
One of the finest possibilities for forming an off-shore company is to incorporate in the Netherlands. Companies from many industries, including as agriculture, health, logistics, finance, and distribution, came to the Netherlands to protect their operations in Europe. For more visit https://ondemandint.com/netherlands-company-formation/
wells fargo login Email
2021-10-6 12:03
Simplify your life and stay in control with the Wells Fargo Mobile® app. Manage your finances; make check deposits, add cards to digital wallet, transfer funds, and pay bills, all within the app.wells fargo login | wells fargo login | wells fargo login
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-10-6 14:09
We compared Coinbase and Coinbase Pro based on features, fees, security, supported currencies, and more. This comparison will help you find the best cryptocurrency exchange for you. Coinbase Pro Login
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-10-6 14:11
Dogecoin is coming to Coinbase Global, the company said on Thursday during a call with investors and analysts to discuss its first-quarter performance. coinbase login
charligeorge Email Homepage
2021-10-6 18:56
Gemini Power Hydraulics Private Ltd. provides end-to-end solutions for various industries. Explore a versatile range of hydraulic tools and other time-saving engineering tools & equipments. Gemini Login
charligeorge Email Homepage
2021-10-6 18:57
Charles Schwab Bank gives you access to your accounts through its online banking services at schwab.com. The guide below is to inform you of the steps involved when you want to Login, reset your online password and enroll for the service. Charles Schwab Login
charligeorge123 Email Homepage
2021-10-6 19:35
I;m trying to write scripts to download relevant data from my Wells Fargo account, and using Selenium within a python script seems like a good potential solution. Wells Fargo Login
USA company formation Email Homepage
2021-10-6 23:56
The <a href="https://ondemandint.com/company-formation-in-usa/"> company formation is usa </a> is entrepreneurial and innovative. In the United States, the quality and quantity of labor surpasses most developed economies, making it the first choice for start-ups. As we all know, this is a country where businesses are thriving. You can more easily enter an emerging and thriving U.S. market
USA company formation Email Homepage
2021-10-6 23:58
The <a href=" https://ondemandint.com/company-formation-in-usa/" > USA Company Formation </a> has a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation. The quality and quantity of manpower in the USA are better than in most developed economies making it first-choice for start-ups. It is a country where businesses are known to thrive. You have easier access to new and thriving US markets.
Charles Gallion Email Homepage
2021-10-7 13:24
It is a great blog post. I am Always reading your blog. Helpful and Informative blog. Thanks for sharing this information with us.https://garmin.comexpressi.com/https://h123h123p.com/https://huluactivat.com/https://ijistartcano.com/https://setup.ijis...
charligeorge Email Homepage
2021-10-7 17:00
Moovit helps you to find the best routes to Gemini Sign using public transit and gives you step by step directions with updated schedule times for Bus in Navrangpura. Gemini Login
charligeorge Email Homepage
2021-10-7 17:01
Charles Schwab has been named as one of Forbes Best Employers for New Graduates for 2021, ranking 15th among a field of 250 companies. Charles Schwab Login
WilliamJames Email Homepage
2021-10-7 17:37
Wells Fargo, like other major banks, provides electronic banking, investment guidance, and other services that give clients easy access to their accounts, automatic bill payments, and hassle-free financial transactions.  Wells Fargo Login
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-7 19:06
Hey...Great information thanks for sharing such a valuable information. We offering the best norton setup services, you are just a click away https://nortonn1setup.com/
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-7 19:07
Hey...Great information thanks for sharing such a valuable information. We offering the best norton setup services, you are just a click away https://nortonn1setup.com/
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-7 19:07
Hey...Great information thanks for sharing such a valuable information. We offering the best norton setup services, you are just a click away https://nortonn1setup.com/
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-10-7 20:11
Robinhood does not offer phone customer service. You can reach Robinhood customer service by web form or via Robinhood Support Twitter page. If you would like to contact a live customer service representative in Robinhood customer support by web form you need to go to the Robinhood Contact page, fill in the form and press. Robinhood login
分页: 255/436 第一页 上页 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]