[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8741) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862267)
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-10-7 20:11
Having problems setting up your Coinbase Pro API Key? This pictured guide shows you how to generate and link your API Keys in 3 easy steps. Coinbase Pro Login
Indian company formation Email Homepage
2021-10-8 00:04
Odint Consulting <a href= "https://ondemandint.com/indian-company-formation/ " >Indian company formation</a>, is one of the leading offshore company formation firms based in the Netherlands, with our offices located in 8+ different countries around the globe. Odint consulting working with some of the biggest brands in consumer and good, healthcare and retail chain, with the expertise of more than 12 years we are one of the trusted and reliable company registration providers across the globe. If you are looking for Tax and accounting, Off shore company registration, offshore bank account opening then Odint is one of the reliable choices. Odint Consulting is a Netherlands-based firm located in Amsterdam and branch office across 8 different countries.
Company formation in India Email Homepage
2021-10-8 00:07
If you are looking for <a href= "https://ondemandint.com/indian-company-formation/" >company formation in india</a> Odint consulting is one of the best consulting firms. We work on the motto of partnership with our clients from INSIGHT to IMPACT or from identifying opportunities to implementing them. We have a better understanding of the Indian, European, and Middle East Markets which better helps you to stand out in the international market. We conduct, an in-depth analysis of the market that we offer services in and stay informed of any new developments. We have a passionate team that works 24/7 to provide you cutting-edge services and help you to register in India, the UAE, and European countries.
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-8 15:29
Thanks for sharing such a information article with us. I hope you will share more information related this. If you are looking any information regarding norton setup. You can try https://nortonn1setup.com/
Essien
2021-10-8 16:55
Thanks for everything is very open with a very clear explanation of the issues. It was really informative. Your site is very helpful. Thank you for sharing! check <a href="https://infoguidenigeria.com/uat-post-utme-past-questions/">UAT post utme past questions pdf download</a>
iamdean Email
2021-10-8 21:27
I am like to you know that your unique concept really helpful for me and I am surely share this thought to my community. Backpage
olivila Email
2021-10-9 15:06
Bitdefender provides multiple features and security advantages. You can get the Bitdefender products for PC, Laptop and smartphones. Bitdefender comes with this Total Security, Internet Security, and Bitdefender Antivirus.https://bitdefender-bitdefender.com/bitdefender-central/,https://sites.google.com/a/setups.great-site.net/microsoft365-comsetup/,https://soft-365setup.com/
olivila Email
2021-10-9 15:06
Microsoft 365 setup offers Office apps and additional Microsoft services. offers access to the Microsoft 365 software product. This portal allows downloading office apps on your 32 or 64-bit system. In addition, you can activate the Microsoft services using a product key, and so a Microsoft account will be needed.https://microwsoft365setup.com/,https://123hp.com-laserjet.com/,https://istartsetup.com/https-ij-start-cannon/
Real Jackets Email Homepage
2021-10-9 18:33
Hello, thank you for sharing your article with us, and I truly value your information, which I really appreciate, and I would visit your website again. Real Jackets
waren Email Homepage
2021-10-10 15:10
Thanks for taking the time to speak about this, I experience strongly approximately it and love reading more in this topic. Msvcp140.dll Download | vcruntime140.dll download
Tom Cook Email Homepage
2021-10-11 12:54
Complete Trend Micro Activation from www.trendmicro.com/activate using the product key. Enter your activation code and sign in to download its products. Make sure you accept the Trend micro license Agreement you receive on  www.trendmicro/activateto register your product securely.
www.trendmicro.com/activate Email Homepage
2021-10-11 12:55
Visit canon’s official site – ij.start.canon/ts3122 and download appropriate software and drivers one windows PC. Use the “TS3122” name to get the latest software. Or if you have a CD, install it. The setup process for every Canon model is almost similar, however the download through  https //ij.start.cannon or  http //ij.start.cannon  and  installation process may differ. ij.start canon i
text setup Email
2021-10-11 13:09
Cox Email Login is an online login portal that the company provides to its customers enabling them to operate 10 email accounts each capable of 2 GB storage.cox webmail login | camps.intuit.com   |camps.intuit.com  | microsoft365.com/setup
Wells fargo login Email Homepage
2021-10-11 19:21
Wells Fargo is a transnational company for pecuniary services all over America. They offer a lot of diversification with each of their services to the community. Wells fargo loginhttps://web.sites.google.com/wellsfargoo.xyz/wellsfargologinshttps://web.sites.google.com/wellsfargoo.xyz/wellsfargologins
Wells fargo login Email Homepage
2021-10-11 19:21
https://web.sites.google.com/wellsfargoo.xyz/wellsfargologins
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-11 19:39
Thanks for sharing such a information article with us. I hope you will share more information related this. If you are looking any information regarding norton setup. You can try https://norto0nsetup.com/
shira Email Homepage
2021-10-11 22:46
Assignment Help service in Melbourne focuses on students who are in need of academic assistance. For students studying in Melbourne, this help is the most reliable one as it operates on a 24*7 basis. WeDoAssignmentHelp is your destination for the accomplishment of assignments of all subjects. assignment help[URL=https://www.wedoassignmenthelp.com/assignment-help-adelaide/ASSIGNMENT HELP ADELAIDE[/URL]
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-12 01:41
Thanks for sharing such a information article with us. I hope you will share more information related this. If you are looking any information regarding norton setup. You can try https://mcaffee1act.com/
business analytics assignment help Email Homepage
2021-10-12 02:17
Assignment Writing Services help students in overcoming all types of academic hurdles. Assignment writing services for subjects like finance, statistics, accounting, economics, nursing etc. are all provided by our expert writers at affordable prices. Assignment Writing services are a blessing for students in Australia. If you are looking for any Assignment Writing Services kindly contact us now & Grab this opportunity
olivila Email
2021-10-12 14:49
Bitdefender provides multiple features and security advantages. You can get the Bitdefender products for PC, Laptop and smartphones. Bitdefender comes with this Total Security, Internet Security, and Bitdefender Antivirus.https://bitdefender-bitdefender.com/bitdefender-central/,https://sites.google.com/a/setups.great-site.net/microsoft365-comsetup/,https://soft-365setup.com/
分页: 256/438 第一页 上页 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]