[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8713) | 引用(0) | 阅读(840319)
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-26 14:12
Hey, your post is really awesome and helpful for me. Thanks for sharing such a information article with us. I hope you will share more information related this. If you are looking any information regarding mcaffee activate. You can try https://mcaffee2act.com/
xfinity.comauthorize Email Homepage
2021-10-26 15:18
Install and activate your Xfinity gateway through xfinity.com/authorize to approve the Xfinity products and services.https://xfinity-comauthorize.com/
zareen Email Homepage
2021-10-26 15:25
HBO max is compatible with any device that you might think of but there is a catch: the device must be connected with a high-speed internet connection, and it will be ready to rock your world. Setting up the HBO max with your tv and any other streaming platform is quite easy. Still, if you need some help regarding hbomax.com/tvsignin keep reading this blog till the end and you will get your answer.https://hbomax-comtvsignin.com
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-26 16:12
Hey, your post is really awesome and helpful for me. Thanks for sharing such a information article with us. I hope you will share more information related this. If you are looking any information regarding mcaffee activate. You can try https://mcaffee2act.com/
Emma Jackson Homepage
2021-10-26 16:13
Hello I’m grateful to have read your content thank you. What a nice blog! I have enjoyed reading through the article although I landed on this site. If you are having issues in getting your homework help online  completed accurately then do not hesitate essay generator and get your papers checked by the college essay writing service in AU experts at GoAssignmentHelp. Visit -Assignment Help
mshhaid Email
2021-10-26 19:27
It is imperative that we read blog post very carefully. I am already done it and find that this post is really amazing.  News portal
Robineliseweiss Homepage
2021-10-27 14:00
Great written content and great layout. Your contents situs baccarat deserves all the positive feedback it has been getting good.https://myamazoncommytv.com/how-to-watch-amazon-prime-on-tv/
Robineliseweiss Homepage
2021-10-27 14:01
Great written content and great layout. Your contents situs baccarat deserves all the positive feedback it has been getting good.https://myamazoncommytv.com/how-to-watch-amazon-prime-on-tv/
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-27 15:46
Hey, your post is really awesome and helpful for me. Thanks for sharing such a information article with us. I hope you will share more information related this. If you are looking any information regarding mcaffee activate. You can try https://mcaffee2act.com/
مركز صيانة
2021-10-27 20:02
<a href="https://www.eg-gc.com/">الالمانية جروب</a><a href="https://www.eg-gc.com/">المؤسسة الالمانية</a><a href="https://kiriazi.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة كريازي</a><a href="https://kiriazi.eg-gc.com/">صيانة كريازي</a><a href="https://zanussi.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة زانوسي</a><a href="https://zanussi.eg-gc.com/">صيانة زانوسي</a><a href="https://universal.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة يونيفرسال</a><a href="https://universal.eg-gc.com/">صيانة يونيفرسال</a><a href="https://ariston.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة اريستون</a><a href="https://ariston.eg-gc.com/">صيانة اريستون</a><a href="https://toshiba.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة توشيبا</a><a href="https://toshiba.eg-gc.com/">صيانة توشيبا</a><a href="https://samsung.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة سامسونج</a><a href="https://samsung.eg-gc.com/">صيانة سامسونج</a><a href="https://www.electrostar.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة الكتروستار</a><a href="https://www.electrostar.eg-gc.com/">صيانة الكتروستار</a><a href="https://whitewhale.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة وايت ويل</a><a href="https://whitewhale.eg-gc.com/">صيانة وايت ويل</a><a href="https://lg.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة LG</a><a href="https://lg.eg-gc.com/">صيانة LG</a><a href="https://whirlpool.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة ويرلبول</a><a href="https://whirlpool.eg-gc.com/">صيانة ويرلبول</a><a href="https://general-electric.eg-gc.com/">رقم صيانة جنرال اليكتريك</a><a href="https://general-electric.eg-gc.com/">صيانة جنرال اليكتريك</a>
max Email
2021-10-28 13:05
I look forward to fresh updates and will share this website with my Facebook group!McAfee programming gives the digital security services to ensure your hardware information.Install mcafee from mcafee.com/activate |
maxx Email
2021-10-28 13:06
McAfee programming gives the digital security services to ensure your hardware information.Install mcafee from mcafee.com/activate |
b5rak Email
2021-10-28 13:08
McAfee programming gives the digital security services to ensure your hardware information.Install mcafee frommcafee.com/activate
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-28 17:40
Hey...Great information thanks for sharing such valuable information. We offer the best Norton setup services, you are just a click away  <a href="https://nortonn2setup.com/">norton.com/setup</a>
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-28 17:41
Hey...Great information thanks for sharing such valuable information. We offer the best Norton setup services, you are just a click away  <a href="https://nortonn2setup.com/">norton.com/setup</a>
Jordan Smith Email Homepage
2021-10-28 17:41
Hey...Great information thanks for sharing such valuable information. We offer the best Norton setup services, you are just a click away  <a href="https://nortonn2setup.com/">norton.com/setup</a>
Emma Email
2021-10-28 18:14
Hello I’m grateful to have read your content thank you. What a nice blog! I have enjoyed reading through the article although I landed on this site. If you are having issues in getting your write my essay for me completed accurately then do not hesitate essay editor online and get your papers checked by the proofreading services online in US experts at GoAssignmentHelp. Visit - Assignment Help
Quickbooks Email Homepage
2021-10-29 04:12
Simply dial our toll free number +1(830) 476-2055 to reach the Quickbooks technical support center. Explain your issue to our qualified professional and get quick and authentic resolution for him without any delay. This Quickbooks support remains open on a 24X7 basis.
Quickbooks Homepage
2021-10-29 04:13
Simply dial our toll free number +1(830) 476-2055 to reach the Quickbooks technical support center. Explain your issue to our qualified professional and get quick and authentic resolution for him without any delay. This Quickbooks support remains open on a 24X7 basis.
gemini login
2021-10-30 15:30
Union Bank Login | American Express Login | RBC online banking | Ethereum Wallet | Capital One Login | Coinbase Login | Aol mail Login | Wells fargo Login | chime Login | chime Login | Citi Card Login | Citi Card Login | Coinbase Wallet | Garmin.com/express | Coinbase Wallet | Citi Credit Card Login | Cash App Login | Capital One Login | Amazon.com/code | Amazon.com/code | Amazon.com/code | Wells fargo Login | wells fargo Login | Aol mail Login | Aol mail Login | Amazon.com/Mytv | amazon.com/mytv | Amazon.co.uk mytv | Amazon.co.uk/mytv | AOL Mail Login | Gemini Login | Gemini login | Coinbase Wallet Login | coinbase Login | coinbase Login | Ethereum Wallet | Ethereum Wallet | How to Mine Ethereum | Bittrex login | amon Login | amon Login | netspend.com activation | Netspend.com Activation | Netspend.com Activate | Netspend.com/activate | Netspend Login | Netspend Login | Greendot.com Register | Greendot.com Register | GreenDot Login | Greendot Login |
分页: 262/436 第一页 上页 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]