[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8410) | 引用(0) | 阅读(715516)
iolosystemmechanics Email Homepage
2021-11-25 15:39
Thanks for this valuable information!https://iolosystemmechanics.org/<a href="https://iolosystemmechanics.org/"> iolosystemmechanics </a>
ij.start canon Email Homepage
2021-11-25 18:17
Get started to Canon ij setup inkjet setup with guidelines of ij start canon site. Check and learn the best and easy methods to set up Canon printer hardware download and install the Canon com setup. The site is based on the computer operating system where you can find an online manual and guide.https://istartsetup.com/https://www.cijstartcanone.org/
ij.start canon Email Homepage
2021-11-25 18:18
Get started to Canon ij setup inkjet setup with guidelines of ij start canon site. Check and learn the best and easy methods to set up Canon printer hardware download and install the Canon com setup. The site is based on the computer operating system where you can find an online manual and guide.https://istartsetup.com/
Wireclub Email Homepage
2021-11-25 21:01
Easily setup and create your own Wireclub chat room or join one of the other rooms that are currently live. The site features hundreds of users chatting on subjects from philosophy to having private adult chats.
start
2021-11-25 22:32
https://www.bellesetbiendansvotrepeau.fr/conserve r-et-raffermir-lovale-de-votre-visage/ ,https://une-minute-de-beaute.fr/a-la-decouverte-de-la -mini-luna-play-de-chez-foreo/ ,https://lamaisondannag.blogspot.com/2015/06/weekend-ins piration-and-reminder.html ,https://www.wearedore.co m/fr/photos/bold ,https://lamaisondannag.blogspot.com/2015/06/weekend-ins piration-and-reminder.html , http://bl og.aegisub.org/2010/01/linking-to-aegisub.html
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-11-26 12:37
Not able to update your Android device to the latest version? Are you having issues upgrading to Android 10 on your Smartphone? Read the article to find out why and how to fix it? how 2 update
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-11-26 12:39
objectives of preparing books of accounts recording and control of business transactions to maintain accuracy in recording double entry is regarded as the most accurate method of bookkeeping because each transaction is entered in the account bookkeeping.
Create NFT Marketplace Email Homepage
2021-11-26 13:39
Create an NFT Marketplace with complete design and dynamic functionalities provided by Maticz. Know More, How to Create an NFT Marketplace Website
mshahid Email
2021-11-26 14:16
Thanks for the post and great tips.. even I also think that hard work is the most important area of getting success.  Investment Consultant License
charligeorge Email Homepage
2021-11-26 15:02
The most prominent cryptocurrency exchanges in the United States are Gemini and Coinbase. As remarked by FTReporter.com, both Gemini and Coinbase feature comparable crypto offers, are accessible in more than 50 countries, and have a & security-first trading philosophy. Gemini Login
charligeorge Email Homepage
2021-11-26 15:02
Robinhood is a widely popular free stock trading platform that has been around since 2013. Even though IOS and Android users have no problem getting started, Robinhood login
ij.start.canon/ts3122 Email Homepage
2021-11-26 15:38
The setup process for every Canon model is almost similar, however the download through  https //ij.start.cannon or  http //ij.start.cannon  and  installation process may differ. Visit canon’s official site – ij.start.canon/ts3122 and download appropriate software and drivers one windows PC.
kleavondion Email Homepage
2021-11-26 16:16
Most businesses look at Coinbase or Coinbase Pro when deciding which crypto exchange to use. In this post, we dive into the benefits of each and what we recommend for corporate use. Coinbase Pro Login
brigiita Email
2021-11-26 17:57
Create an NFT Marketplace with an eye-catching design and templates provided by Maticz. Know More >>  How to Create an NFT Marketplace Website
brigiita Email
2021-11-26 18:00
Create an NFT Marketplace with Well design and functionalities from Maticz.  Know More about, [URL]How to Create an NFT Marketplace[url=https://maticz.com/how-to-create-nft-marketplace]
Installvipre Email Homepage
2021-11-26 20:06
Thanks for this valuable information!https://Installvipre.org<a href="https://Installvipre.org">Installvipre</a>
mysystem-mechanic Email Homepage
2021-11-26 20:06
thomashardy Email Homepage
2021-11-27 18:59
https://www.hotmedz.com/ pharmacy is based on health topics and features on hotmedz.com It sells medicines like Kamagra Oral Jelly, Tadalista etc. and many other medicines. He is a general physician by profession but loves to write. Therefore, he has been working with hotmedz for the last few years. He has incorporated all his medical knowledge in his informative articles.
mshahid Email
2021-11-27 19:08
Easily, the article is actually the best topic on this registry related issue.  nearest restroom
分页: 269/421 第一页 上页 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]