[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8741) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862252)
Delhi Escorts Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:08
Our Delhi Escorts will never disappoint you at any cost, because we always provide the genuine girl for you who can complete all your desires and provide you total satisfaction.Delhi Escorts
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
โรม่า   Roma, the most popular online slots game of all time, roma slot 888, play free, online roma slot games. playing for real money Legendary online gambling game 2021 Roma Slots from famous gaming companies
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
pg  The latest with a game system designed for direct pg slot players because the game format is very advanced, can play pg slot auto via ios and android systems, supports playing pg slots via mobile Deposit-withdraw automatically in just 8 seconds
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
ฝาก50รับ150   No need to turn or call each other easily understood is a promotion, deposit 50, get 150 wallet, is another promotion that many people like and think that it is a worthwhile promotion.
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
เครดิตฟรี  No deposit required is something that online gambling sites. free credit slots pg There is a reward for the members of the web. free credit slots no deposit will be able to play free slots all within the web
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
joker game Direct web slots, not through agents online gambling games The most legendary casino game Stuck in one of the 5 most popular slot game camps. With more than 150 games to choose from, Joker Slots
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
โจ๊กเกอร์  Direct web slots, not through agents online gambling games The most legendary casino game Stuck in one of the 5 most popular slot game camps. With more than 150 games to choose from, Joker Slots
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:35
ฝาก20รับ100   A promotion that many people like and think that it is a worthwhile promotion.
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:36
19รับ100   Latest 2021 Promotion Hits Slots Can play all game camps, new members, deposit 30, get 100, give away free credit, no need to deposit, no need to share Promotion deposit 30 get 100 unlimited withdrawal No minimum deposit
PGGAMESLOT Email Homepage
2021-12-13 19:36
Slot 888   The number 1 online slot game in Thailand, slot 888 online that includes the 888 slot game camp to play more than 300 games.
Primevideo.com/mytv Email Homepage
2021-12-14 00:16
Primevideo.com/mytv is a link designed by amazon prime to activate the prime video application on Smart TVs. The prime word itself tells you that the users or members subscribed to the amazon prime get the prime benefit or First than the other one. primevideo.com/mytv
OLIVILAJHON08 Email
2021-12-14 15:25
The wireless and wired models require drivers and software; therefore, each has to undergo one important installation process. If your printer model isn’t set up yet, you can get started now.  https://istartsetup.com/https-ij-start-cannon/https://www.ijstartca-none.org/
tr Email Homepage
2021-12-15 00:51
The Canon IJ printer driver (called printer driver below) is a software that is installed on your computer for printing data with this machine.https://ijprintersetup.com/https://ijprintersetup.com/
https://ggongtop.com Email
2021-12-15 14:11
Thank you for taking the time to publish this information very useful! https://ggongtop.com
Nortech001 Email Homepage
2021-12-15 19:03
An excellent article. I have now learned about this thanks admin This post is genuinely a fastidious one it assists new net viewers,who are wishing in favor of blogging.<a href="https://www.mygeekshelp.com/how-to-fix-audio-services-not-responding/">audio services not responding</a><a href="https://www.mygeekshelp.com/how-to-fix-audio-services-not-responding/">the audio service is not running</a><a href="https://www.mygeekshelp.com/how-to-fix-audio-services-not-responding/">windows audio service stopping</a><a href="https://www.mygeekshelp.com/how-to-fix-audio-services-not-responding/">the audio service is not running windows 10</a>
target gift card balance Email Homepage
2021-12-16 13:30
https://sites.google.com/view/coinbaseprologinin/https://sites.google.com/view/applegiftcardbalance/https://sites.google.com/view/dogecoinn-wallet/https://sites.google.com/view/checkwalmartgiftcardbalance/https://sites.google.com/view/lowesgiftcardbalance/https://sites.google.com/view/netflix-comtv8/https://sites.google.com/view/targetgiftcardblance/https://sites.google.com/view/targetgiftcardbalancee/https://sites.google.com/view/primevideoc0mmytv/https://sites.google.com/view/paypal-loginss/https://sites.google.com/view/paypall0ginus/
dsgvsfrzb Email Homepage
2021-12-16 13:56
AOL Mail Login record can be used for all of the online records, such as web-based shopping or person-to-person contact, as well as chip away at AOL email Sign In and other AOL administrations managed inside AOL Mail Login.aol mail login |aol mail login |study abroad consultants |mcafee.com/activate
star Email Homepage
2021-12-16 20:31
Starindiaelectricals is the one of the best MCB distribution box wholeseller in India.At Star India we manufacture module box with great care.This box is processed under the keen observation of our expert team who ensure the quality of our products.Under the guidance of our promoters Mr. Vijay Kalia & Mr. Ajay Kalia, we have carved a niche for ourselves in the market. We are the best junction boxes manufacturers also modular box manufacturer. Contact us for more details at our website Ph: 9888828343, 6284258807https://www.starindiaelectricals.com/module-box.phphttps://www.starindiaelectricals.com/module-box.phphttps://www.starindiaelectricals.com/junction-box.php
AMIT Email Homepage
2021-12-16 20:36
Amit sharma one of the best astrologers in Delhi. Who provides best astrologer for love problem solution, best astrologer for marriage problems and many more. For more details you can visit our website indianastrologeramitsharma.com or call us +91-72978 12482. He has solution for all your problems. Get true solutions of your problems with world famous guruji amit sharma.Address-: UG, District centre, Vishwadeep tower, delhi, Delhi 110058<a href="https://www.indianastrologeramitsharma.com/vashikaran-specialist-in-delhi.html" rel="noopener">vashikaran specialist in delh,love vashikaran specialist</a><a href="https://www.indianastrologeramitsharma.com/" rel="noopener">best astrologer in delhi ncr, best astrologer in india</a><a href="https://www.indianastrologeramitsharma.com/love-problem-solution-baba-ji.html" rel="noopener">love problem specialist in india,love problem solution astrologer</a>
Binance Clone Script Email Homepage
2021-12-17 16:02
分页: 273/438 第一页 上页 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]