[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
foxnews.com/connect
2022-2-17 20:57
Go to video.foxnews.com. Follow the steps below to sign in and start watching Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network. Click Watch Live above the video player. Under the video player, it will say "On Air Now". Click on the network you want to watch (Fox News or Fox Business). Select your cable or satellite operator from the list of participating TV service providers (note: this is not necessarily your Internet Service Provider). Below the main provider list, there is a drop-down list with more options. Enter your email address (or username) and password. To login to your account, go to foxnews.com/connect and click the login button in the top right of the screen. The screen will redirect you to the login page. Enter your email address and password. Click on login. This is usually the same account information you use to pay your TV service provider bill. in line. If you connect successfully, you will be returned to the video player and your selected network will start playing live.
disneyplus.com/start
2022-2-17 20:58
Connect Disney Plus on your device at Disney Plus is one of the most popular streaming services in the world. You can find a full list of Disney classics as well as your favorite new Disney movies. Disneyplus.com/begin Code, which is also a subset of Hotstar, is an example of Hotstar. Disney Hotstar offers a variety of TV shows, movies, and news, as well as sports. It is also famous for its video streaming software. This service allows you to stream live TV shows, sports, and videos. Disney Hotstar will also allow you to purchase new movies. Disney Hotstar is available both for free and as a subscription. Some shows are available for free, while others require a subscription or payment to watch. Disney Hotstar offers live programming, live news and live sporting events. To help their channels and movies, strangers have also donated to Disneyplus.com/begin Hotstar. Disney Hotstar also offers other native shows.
Amara Jones
2022-2-18 11:41
Thanks for giving the information. I hope you will give more information like this. MetaMask extension | Metamask Wallet
ij scan utility
2022-2-21 16:49
Meanwhile, choosing to operate in Document Mode, you ensure the improved readability of your documents as a result of scanning the document. Similarly, in Photo Mode, you can get the best quality of your photos scanned.ij scan utility |ij canon scan utility
MAX
2022-2-21 20:14
Visit ij.start.canon | ij.start canon and find out the best way to download Canon printer drivers. Once you are done with the driver setup via canon.com/ijsetup , you will have to insert a pile of pages into the printer tray for printing the documents.
selena
2022-2-22 14:33
Disney Plus was, without a doubt, one of the biggest launches in the history of the premium streaming service industry.disneyplus.com/begin You can now stream tons of classic TV shows and movies from the vast Disney library and several original shows and films. The price of Disney Plus is also pretty reasonable. It costs $7.99 a month or $79.99 for an annual subscription. But is there any way to get Disney Plus for free?disneyplus.com/begin
selena
2022-2-22 14:34
Even though it’s a free service, Tubi has most of the bells and whistles of the subscription-based behemoths.tubi.tv/activate The website is intuitive and easy to use (although the search function could use some work) and you don’t even have to sign up to watch content. Like Netflix and Stan, you can create a watch list, but don’t expect any AI-assisted fancy recommendations based on what you’ve watched or rated.
nora smith
2022-2-22 20:27
How do I contact live chat on facebook- get the solution to rectify woesDo you want to create a fan page on FB? How do I contact live chat on Facebook?Need assistance in changing cover page? Is your account not signing in? To get solutions to all the problems, avail Facebook customer service that assures immediate help. https://www.7qasearch.net/blog/how-do-i-contact-live-chat-on-facebook/
dsdsdf
2022-2-22 20:55
Coinbase exchange is one of the trending cryptocurrency exchanges in the crypto world. With this, you will be able to access the trend of crypto trading and moreover it is the most trusted and reliable crypto platform which you can always turn to Coinbase. Coinbase.com login | Pro.coinbase.com Login | Coinbase Wallet login
dsdsdf
2022-2-22 20:56
Coinbase exchange is one of the trending cryptocurrency exchanges in the crypto world. With this, you will be able to access the trend of crypto trading and moreover it is the most trusted and reliable crypto platform which you can always turn to Coinbase.Coinbase.com login | Pro.coinbase.com Login | Coinbase Wallet Login
Admissioner
2022-2-22 23:42
Admissioner helps for Direct Admission in Top MBBS Colleges in Delhi We Sumra Admission helps for the Direct Admission powered by Cuzlon
Tom malkova
2022-2-23 20:25
Coinbase Pro Login is a secure online platform for buying, selling, transferring, and storing cryptocurrency.Coinbase Pro Login | Coinbase Login
Jack Viera
2022-2-23 21:48
Garmin Express is an application designed to make the maintenance process of garmin devices easier. Our users will be getting software updates, map updates, and more after registering. You can download & install garmin.com/express Garmin Express App on your device. Don’t worry about the steps for registration. All are mentioned on the site.
Jack Viera
2022-2-23 21:48
Menuco will help you to create your website, an Online Ordering System which helps at creating a rock-solid online presence. With Menuco grow more. You will get more sales. Stop relying on other applications. Get your own application and website.Menuco offer your presence and place in the digital world as well as it supports the transition of the business by providing Food Ordering System for your customers. For further queries, just go to the above mentioned link and you will receive a free demo regardless. Digitalization is the key to grow your business to the next level. This helps to generate more revenue, branding, and sales as well. Menuco offers restaurants a way to build a significant online presence with the help of Mobile App Development services. For further queries, visit the above mentioned site.
thomas clark
2022-2-24 16:11
Thanks for the great post you posted. I like the way you describe the unique content. The points you raise are valid and reasonable. I am a tech support expert telling you about. Trezor Wallet Robinhood wallet Coinsmart Login Robinhood Wallet
Jack
2022-2-24 20:16
If want to know about Uphold account. What is it? and How is it Work? then go through Uphold Login is a cloud-based financial service platform that allows people to move, convert, hold, and transact in a variety of assets in a secure manner. Although it is most known for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, the platform may also be used to exchange traditional assets like fiat currency and gold.https://upholdlogien.wordpress.com/https://uppholldlogiin.wordpress.com/https://myupholdllogin.wordpress.com/https://kra...
Jack
2022-2-24 20:17
If want to know about Uphold account. What is it? and How is it Work? then go through Uphold Login is a cloud-based financial service platform that allows people to move, convert, hold, and transact in a variety of assets in a secure manner. Although it is most known for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, the platform may also be used to exchange traditional assets like fiat currency and gold.https://upholdlogien.wordpress.com/https://uppholldlogiin.wordpress.com/https://myupholdllogin.wordpress.com/https://kra...
norc979
2022-2-25 12:27
The following is a step-by-step instruction to logging into your Cóinbase Pro account. Coinbase.com login | Pro.coinbase.com Login | Coinbase Wallet |
Amara Jones
2022-2-25 15:50
Thanks for giving the information. I hope you will give more information like this. Gate io | Coinbase Wallet Extension
petanimals
2022-2-25 18:32
The<a href="https://www.petanimalwildlife.com/golden-parakeet-golden-conures/">Golden Parakeet (golden conures)</a> or conure (also known as the golden conure, (Guaruba Guarouba) is a medium-sized golden yellow Neotropical parrot native to Brazil.
分页: 283/436 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287