[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8712) | 引用(0) | 阅读(840200)
lebronpacks Email Homepage
2022-3-1 19:29
<a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungle boys la </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow”>creme savers strain</a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">cheetos strain</a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">frosted flakes weed </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">muhamed cart </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">frosted flakes strain </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungle boys carts </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungleboys strains list </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungle boys florida</a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungle carts </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">dr zodiak carts</a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungle boy carts </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">dr-zodiak-moonrocks-clear-carts </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">frosty-flakes </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">buy-muhameds-carts-online </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">nutter butter strain </a><a href="https://buyjungleboysonline.com/" rel="dofollow">jungleboys oc</a>https://eurocannaspot.com
lebronpacks Email Homepage
2022-3-1 19:30
BUY JUNGLE BOYS CANNABIS is a drifting growing popular cannabis brand in the USA and  Worldwide. They ship cannabis to all 50 States, Mail cannabis to UK,ASIA, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, and EUROPE. Buy big chief carts, Jungle boys carts, jungle boys dispensary, trash bag boys, Cali bud, jungle boys weed, jungle boys la, jungleboys strains, buy jungle boys online.  We are a reputable brand and guarantee you safety and satisfactory shipping and delivery services with the best exotic top grade cannabis strains.we supply marijuana flower for medical purposes and self-usage, vape pen and oil, concentrates, edibles. It should be noted that we grow and supply natural indoor Non chemically grown cannabis with the highest THC levels.For any inquiries contact us below;https://buyjungleboysonline.com/buy-jungleboys-marijuana-online/EMAIL:……………………………….legit4deals@protonmail.comCALL or WHATSAPP - ……………... +1 949 391 6073TELEGRAM …………………………. @legit4dealsWICKR -  …………………………….. @legit4dealsFACEBOOK PAGE …………………. https://www.facebook.com/Jungle-Boys-Official-108538434216029/https://eurocannaspot.com
lebronpacks Email Homepage
2022-3-1 19:30
BUY JUNGLE BOYS CANNABIS is a drifting growing popular cannabis brand in the USA and  Worldwide. They ship cannabis to all 50 States, Mail cannabis to UK,ASIA, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, and EUROPE. Buy big chief carts, Jungle boys carts, jungle boys dispensary, trash bag boys, Cali bud, jungle boys weed, jungle boys la, jungleboys strains, buy jungle boys online.  We are a reputable brand and guarantee you safety and satisfactory shipping and delivery services with the best exotic top grade cannabis strains.we supply marijuana flower for medical purposes and self-usage, vape pen and oil, concentrates, edibles. It should be noted that we grow and supply natural indoor Non chemically grown cannabis with the highest THC levels.For any inquiries contact us below;https://buyjungleboysonline.com/buy-jungleboys-marijuana-online/EMAIL:……………………………….legit4deals@protonmail.comCALL or WHATSAPP - ……………... +1 949 391 6073TELEGRAM …………………………. @legit4dealsWICKR -  …………………………….. @legit4dealsFACEBOOK PAGE …………………. https://www.facebook.com/Jungle-Boys-Official-108538434216029/https://eurocannaspot.com
PAUL Email Homepage
2022-3-2 14:54
This is an excellent blog. Continue to share. I adore them. Are you looking for a low-cost assignment writing service as well? For you, we are the best option. We are well-known for providing students with low-cost tasks that do not require them to break their wallets. <a href="https://disneyplus.combegins.com/" rel="nofollow">Disneyplus.com/Begin</a><a href="https://disneyplus.combegins.com/disneyplus-com-login-begin/" rel="nofollow">Disneyplus.com login/Begin</a> <a href="https://disneyplus.combegins.com/" rel="nofollow">Disney plus Begin Code</a> <a href="https://disneyplus.combegins.com/disneyplus-com-login-begin-verification-code/" rel="nofollow">Disneyplus.com login/Begin verification Code</a>
thomas clark Email
2022-3-2 14:55
Thanks for the great post you posted. I like the way you describe the unique content. The points you raise are valid and reasonable. I am a tech support expert telling you about.Crypto.com ExchangeCrypto.com LoginCrypto.com Login
PAUL Email Homepage
2022-3-2 14:56
This is an excellent blog. Continue to share. I adore them. Are you looking for a low-cost assignment writing service as well? For you, we are the best option. We are well-known for providing students with low-cost tasks that do not require them to break their wallets.https://disneyplus.combegins.com/
iKLE Email Homepage
2022-3-2 15:34
Heyy!!Are you looking for some good high quality celeb porn video, we have hundreds of videos with different categories. Click on the link to enjoy the best videos.<a href=https://newcelebporn.com/">newcelebporn</a>
IVAN Email Homepage
2022-3-2 15:35
Heyy!!Are you looking for some good high quality celeb porn video, we have hundreds of videos with different categories. Click on the link to enjoy the best videos.<a href=https://newcelebporn.com/">newcelebporn</a>
IVAN Homepage
2022-3-2 15:37
Heyy!!Are you looking for some good high quality celeb porn video, we have hundreds of videos with different categories. Click on the link to enjoy the best videos.<a href=https://newcelebporn.com/">newcelebporn</a>
coinbaselogin info Email Homepage
2022-3-3 02:46
https://sites.google.com/view/www-coinbase-com-wallet/
iKLE Homepage
2022-3-3 17:03
Hello Guys,Click on the link below to enjoy hundreds of categories of free porn videos in high quality.And please submit your reviews and let me know if you like it!!<a href=https://unceleb.com/">unceleb</a>
misha Email Homepage
2022-3-3 18:39
We have genuine health products for those who are beginners and want to gain good muscles. As we have multiple stores in Delhi NCR, you can buy your health product from there. You can also purchase products online by visiting our website. Visit us:- MuscleBlaze Raw Whey ProteinMuscleblaze Raw Whey Protein
ij scan utility Email Homepage
2022-3-3 19:48
If you want to scan any of your items using the default settings, you can preferably select the Auto Mode. Meanwhile, choosing to operate in Document Mode, you ensure the improved readability of your documents as a result of scanning the document. Similarly, in Photo Mode, you can get the best quality of your photos scanned.ij scan utility |ij canon scan utility
crypto.com exchange Email Homepage
2022-3-3 20:13
This is one of the largest crypto exchanges that are being used by a lot of Americans to trade with digital currency. On the Coinbase login exchange, you cannot only trade with crypto but also store the purchased crypto by signing up for a Coinbase wallet.crypto.com exchange |crypto.com login |crypto.com login
computer support Email Homepage
2022-3-5 00:30
It can be very frustrating for you to see your computer not starting when you have to work on it. You don’t know the real issue behind computer not working and badly need help from a reliable source. computer not working
modular kitchen Email Homepage
2022-3-5 13:57
We are a leading brand modular kitchen specialist who manufactures and sells various kitchens, wardrobes, and bathroom vanity designs.
jamesedward Email Homepage
2022-3-5 16:05
People are switching from PCs and laptops. The likelihood of losing a good number of clients increases if your website does not work on the phone. to smartphones as we rapidly move towards digitalization.  That is something we all do not want to happen. There is no need to worry. We will design your website to look beautiful and function smoothly when online visitors access it using our responsive web design services.    Web Designing Company in New York  Responsive Website Development  Responsive Website Design Company Indiahttps://cefnogi.com/responsive-website-designhttps://cefnogi.com/responsive-website-designhttps://cefnogi.com/responsive-website-design
softwares Email Homepage
2022-3-5 21:30
Vray Sketchup 5 Crack is a 3D graphic and also plug-in issue that have many kinds of powerful image rendering features. This software application can also use to make the different kinds of graphics in the rendering of the perfect and in the realistic of a 3D computer. Furthermore, it has the necessary kinds of tools and the other rendering of the best kinds of images that have good quality.
softwares Email Homepage
2022-3-5 21:49
FL Studio 20 Crack is a superb music creation software. As far as 2003, it is known as the Fruity Loops app. A Belgian company makes this amazing music app. Therefore, It is a digital sound or music workstation. Based on the music silencer, its music functions well. The critical function is a “graphical user linking.” The program that is present in this app divides into four parts or copies.
softwares Email Homepage
2022-3-5 22:05
CleanMyMac X Crack is an incredible application for Mac operating computer systems. Moreover, it makes the user’s Mac feel great as new. Further, it has wonderful properties to free up many gigabytes of PC space. Furthermore, the full version of this software speeds up the user’s Mac.
分页: 285/436 第一页 上页 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]