[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
สล็อต
2022-4-9 18:05
เว็บสล็อตมาใหม่สุดแรง เว็บสล็อตที่มีความเสถียรมากที่สุด เว็บสล็อตที่รวมค่ายเกมสล็อตเอาไว้มากที่สุด ระบบที่สามารถรองรับผู้เล่นพร้อมกันได้มากทีั่สุด เล่นได้ไม่มีกระตุก สามารถเข้ามาเล่นพร้อมกันได้เลย สล็อต เว็บเดียวจบ ทุกค่าย
เว็บสล็อตใหม่
2022-4-9 18:05
เว็บสล็อตเมก้าเกม 888 เว็บสล็อตที่มีความมั่นคงที่สุดเกมสล็อตรูปแบบใหม่ ที่ไม่เหมือนใคร เว็บสล็อตน้องใหม่ ที่มีระบบ ที่จะคอยดูแล คุณอย่าง vip ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นผู้เล่นใหม่ หรือ ผู้เล่นเก่า สามารถมาทดลองเล่นเว็บของเราได้แล้ววันนี้ เว็บสล็อตใหม่ล่าสุด
เว็บสล็อตใหม่
2022-4-9 18:05
รวมเกมสล็อตเล่นง่ายที่สุดจากทุกค่าย สามารถเล่นเพื่อรับเงินรางวัลอย่างสบายๆ ทางเราคัดเกมคุณภาพที่จะทำให้คุณได้รับเงินรางวัลอย่างมหาศาล ไม่เหมือนที่อื่นอย่างแน่นอน เกมสล็อตที่ มีมากที่สุด สล็อตเว็บใหญ่ที่สุด
เว็บสล็อตใหม่
2022-4-9 18:05
เกมสล็อตที่เล่นได้อย่างเพลิดเพลิน สามารถเล่นได้ทั้งวัน อีกทั้งยังมีเจ้าหน้าที่คอยตอบปัญหา และแก้ปัญหาให้กับคุณตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง เกมสล็อตที่สามารถเล่นได้ทั้งวัน เพราะทางเรามีเกมสล็อตให้เลือกเล่นมากกว่า 1000 เกม ทดลองเล่นสล็อตทุกค่ายpg
เครดิตฟรี
2022-4-9 18:06
ทางเข้าเกมสล็อต pg ที่มีเกมอัพเดทใหม่ทุกวัน ไวที่สุด เกมใหม่ล่าสุด สามารถมาเจอกับเราได้ที่เว็บ megagame888 ทางเข้าใหม่จากทางค่าย pg slot เครดิตฟรี กดรับเอง ยืนยันเบอร์
바카라사이트
2022-4-11 11:19
I've been troubled for several days with this topic. 바카라사이트 But by chance looking at your post solved my problem! I will leave my blog, so when would you like to visit it?바카라사이트
바카라사이트
2022-4-11 11:21
I've been troubled for several days with this topic. 바카라사이트 But by chance looking at your post solved my problem! I will leave my blog, so when would you like to visit it?바카라사이트
gamesjini
2022-4-11 13:03
Thanks for taking the time to discuss and share this with us, I for one feel strongly about it and really enjoyed learning more about this topic. I can see that you possess a degree of expertise on this subject, I would very much like to hear much more from you on this subject matter – I have bookmarked this page and will return soon to hear additional information about it. There are certainly impressive stories. Passion for sharing your website with us. You’re doing a great job Man, Keep it up. https://gamesjini.com/how-to-make-a-torch-in-minecraft-2022/
DEVIL
2022-4-11 15:35
Go to disney plus officail website disneyplus-com-begin/from your browser. Enter the Disney Plus begin code from your TV screen. Click Activate button.https://www.mytvcodeenter.com/disneyplus-com-begin/disneyplus.com/begin
cryptocurrency exchange software development
2022-4-11 20:17
I appreciate your article about fundamentals of creating cryptocurrency exchange, i would like to share you the best cryptocurrency exchange software developed by Hivelance Technologies for further details visit here https://www.hivelance.com/crypto-exchange-software-development
ouroffice
2022-4-11 21:01
<a href="https://medium.com/@ouroffice12022/benefits-of-choosing-a-coworking-space-in-inida-66ced0d801a4">best coworking space in 2022 in india</a><a href="https://site-6815890-6619-5236.mystrikingly.com/">best coowrkingspace available at very low cost</a><a href="https://sco.lt/53BYOm">click now</a><a href="https://b.io/ouroffice">click here</a><a href="http://ouroffice.mozellosite.com/">visit now</a><a href="https://ouroffice2022.blogspot.com/2022/02/how-to-choose-best-coworking-space-in.html">coworking space rent for a one day</a><a href="https://site-7167734-6433-1453.mystrikingly.com/">locate the best restaurant near you</a><a href="https://medium.com/@ourrestauranto/best-our-restaurant-in-india-68e534d84a8f">ways to find out the best restaurants in your location</a><a href="https://slashdot.org/submission/15563215/best-ourrestaurant-in-india">choose the best restaurant near you</a><a href="https://ext-5991297.livejournal.com/321.html">how to find the best restaurant</a><a href="https://www.wattpad.com/1198925150-best-restaurant-services-in-india-how-to-find-the">click now</a>
chochox
2022-4-12 04:32
Thanks for this wonderful content The best site, this site its free comics porno
Danny123654
2022-4-12 18:14
https://canon.comijsetups.com/If you just bought a new printer, then you have to set it up via canon.com/ijsetup.Weather you are a new or old use of Canon printers, you have to visit the official website of Canon. It offers the most advanced and efficient printing services, smoothening production, and mind-blowing prints. The first thing you have to do when you purchase a new printer or re-setup your existing printing device is to download the printer driver from www.canon.com/ijsetup.
pf
2022-4-12 18:37
https://www.australia-australie.com/membres/meduniv/profile/
erikhood
2022-4-12 19:14
go to aka ms Remoteconnect on your browser.Enter the 8 digit code from your App or Device screen.Click Next.https://www.mytvcodeenter.com/aka-ms-remoteconnect/
Hentaila
2022-4-13 03:16
muy buen contenido el que podras encontrar en este lugar.
Sammy
2022-4-13 15:55
I wish to show thanks to you just for bailing me out of this particular trouble.As a result of checking through the net and meeting techniques that were not productive, I thought my life was done.https://cricutcomsetuppc.com/https://win-cricut.com/setup/https://mk-cricut.com/setup/https://e-cricut.com/setuphttps://...
aman
2022-4-13 16:09
If you are interested in making your career in designing then you must go for a Graphic design courses in Delhi under the guidance of experts.Graphic design courses in Delhi
aman
2022-4-13 16:11
If you are interested in making your career in designing then you must go for a Graphic design courses in Delhi under the guidance of experts.Graphic design courses
Aman Mishra
2022-4-13 16:28
If you are interested in making your career in designing then you must go for a Graphic design courses in Delhi under the guidance of experts.Garphic design courses
分页: 292/436 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296