[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8712) | 引用(0) | 阅读(840186)
cricut.com setup windows Email Homepage
2022-5-19 13:18
It not only reduces your efforts in performing the cutting jobs but also gets the job done in fewer minutes. Overall, it is a time and energy savior that serves you with its versatility cricut.com setup windows
jpcash Email Homepage
2022-5-19 13:58
jpcash merupakan situs slot online paling aman dan terpercaya dengan game slot terlengkap seperti slot pragmatic, slot habanero, joker gaming dan masih banyak lagi yang lain nya.selain slot online, jpcash juga menyediakan game lain seperti live casino ,sportbook, dan togel online yang bisa dimainkan hanya dengan satu user id sajahttps://www.jpcash.xn--6frz82g/
James Email Homepage
2022-5-19 14:57
AUTHOR, yet another fantastic value based article based on research, and I think all the tips are the result of learning through experience, that's why they are so much valuable for the readers.https://techtotrend.com/20-free-private-roku-channels-in-2022/https://techtotrend.com/watch-dubbed-anime-online/https://...
James Email Homepage
2022-5-19 14:58
Hi AUTHOR, I can't thank you enough for all of your guides and tips on BLOG NICHE. They are like a goldmine for me, keep rocking on, you are helping so many.https://techtotrend.com/process-to-activate-citytv-on-apple-fire-tv-roku-and-smart-tv/https://techtotrend.com/20-free-pr...
sachinsinhmar
2022-5-20 14:05
The step of implementing GST in India was a historical move, as it marked a significant indirect tax reform in the country. Almost four and a half years ago, GST replaced 17 local levies like excise duty, service tax, VAT and 13 cesses.
Online GST Registration
maria Email
2022-5-20 14:39
MetaMask login and the ways to secure your MetaMask wallet. The instructions we have discussed here were very simple and easy. This won’t take much of your time but if you think that giving time to your security is important then do read and follow the steps to make your account even more secure. metamask extension | metamask login | gemini login
dgfgf Email Homepage
2022-5-20 14:51
The MetaMask login software functions as something of a wallet and a search engine. Purchase, transmit, receive, and trade digital products.metamask login | metamask login
haerna Homepage
2022-5-20 15:38
Your very own commitment for getting the message throughout came to be rather powerful and have consistently enabled employees just like me to arrive at their desired goals.https://techtotrend.com/watch-dubbed-anime-online/https://techtotrend.com/20-free-private-roku-channels-in-2022/https://...
바카라사이트추천 Email
2022-5-21 12:44
Hello! Nice to meet you, I say . The name of the community I run is 바카라사이트추천 , and the community I run contains articles similar to your blog. If you have time, I would be very grateful if you visit my site .
sachinsinhmar
2022-5-23 14:56
Rosemary essential oil makes the hair voluminous by promoting hair growth. It enhances healthy blood circulation towards hair follicles and prevents hair fall. Apply only 5-6 drops of this oil on your scalp or mix a few drops of this oil with the best paraben free shampoo to yield the best results.
best paraben free shampoo
RONALDFOOTMAN Email Homepage
2022-5-25 15:02
Hello all,We have created a new adult celeb website and have a number of categories of celebrities nudes like  Uldouz Wallace, Kate Upton, McKayla Maroney , Yvonne Strahovsky etc. Visit our site now to watch high qiuality nudes.<a href=https://www.celebsexyphotos.com/>sexyphotos</a>
bing
2022-5-25 17:36
thanks for sharing this info<a href="http://103.55.37.250/">slot gacor hari ini</a><br /><a href="https://indihomesurabaya.id/">slot online pulsa</a><br /><a href="https://villabandung.id/">bo togel</a><br /><a href="https://95.85.78.104/">data paito toto macau</a><br /><a href="https://95.85.78.103/">situs togel</a><br /><a href="https://bototomacau.com/">bototomacau</a><br /><a href="https://103.171.85.96/">prediksi singapore</a><br /><a href="https://slotcuannewmember100.w3spaces.com/">slot cuan bonus new member</a><br /><a href="https://linklist.bio/slotmegagacor">bocoran rtp slot gacor</a><br /><a href="https://jamslothoki.web.fc2.com/">bocoran jam slot gacor</a><br /><a href="https://solodaily.id/">togel online resmi</a><br /><a href="https://pedlarinn.com/">situs togel resmi</a><br /><a href="https://daftardatatotomacaupools.web.fc2.com/">data toto macau</a><br /><a href="https://situs-bo-togel-terpercaya.glitch.me/">https://situs-bo-togel-terpercaya.glitch.me/</a><br /><a href="https://jam-hoki-main-slot-gacor.glitch.me/">https://jam-hoki-main-slot-gacor.glitch.me/</a><br /><a href="https://daftar-slot-mandiri.glitch.me/">https://daftar-slot-mandiri.glitch.me/</a><br /><a href="https://situs-slot-deposit-via-bri.glitch.me/">https://situs-slot-deposit-via-bri.glitch.me/</a><br /><a href="https://slot-deposit-via-sakuku-bca.glitch.me/">https://slot-deposit-via-sakuku-bca.glitch.me/</a><br /><a href="https://slot-gacor-deposit-pulsa.glitch.me/">https://slot-gacor-deposit-pulsa.glitch.me/</a><br /><a href="https://botogelbet100perakterpercaya.blogspot.com/">https://botogelbet100perakterpercaya.blogspot.com/</a>... /><a href="https://caramerawattubuhdenganbenar8.blogspot.com/">https://caramerawattubuhdenganbenar8.blogspot.com/</a>... /><a href="https://judikesehatanterbaik.blogspot.com/">https://judikesehatanterbaik.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://caramenjagajantung88.blogspot.com/">https://caramenjagajantung88.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://apaartikolestrol2022.blogspot.com/">https://apaartikolestrol2022.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://caramengetahuartivitamin99.blogspot.com/">https://caramengetahuartivitamin99.blogspot.com/</a><... /><a href="https://tenologiid88.blogspot.com/">https://tenologiid88.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://htmlteaching99.blogspot.com/">https://htmlteaching99.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://itindonesiaterbaik2022.blogspot.com/">https://itindonesiaterbaik2022.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://prediksisyair4d.blogspot.com/">https://prediksisyair4d.blogspot.com/</a><br /><a href="https://technologihtm.blogspot.com/">https://technologihtm.blogspot.com/</a><br />
Retail POS Email Homepage
2022-5-25 19:14
In the end, there will be fewer errors in your inventory. Items sold are deducted directly from the inventory with each transaction. This makes it possible to keep track of the quantity of each item the store has in stock. https://www.techneo360.com/pos-software/
sd Email Homepage
2022-5-26 12:39
Phantom Wallet It is famously named as the factor that bridges the gap between the Solana blockchain network and the crypto users. Currently, the wallet functions as a simple web browser extension but there are rumors of ongoing operations to soon launch a mobile application. Let’s not delay and get into the good part of this information guide.https://sites.google.com/crypto-coinwallet.com/phantom-wallet/homehttps://sites.google.com/metamask-log.com/metamaskwall...
sd Email Homepage
2022-5-26 12:40
Phantom Wallet It is famously named as the factor that bridges the gap between the Solana blockchain network and the crypto users. Currently, the wallet functions as a simple web browser extension but there are rumors of ongoing operations to soon launch a mobile application. Let’s not delay and get into the good part of this information guide.Phantom WalletMetaMask WalletMetamask ExtensionMetamask Log in
sdf Email Homepage
2022-5-26 20:19
Uphold is the best trading destination for all of those who are interested to test their trading skills in different fields. On this platform, trading with digital assets such as precious metals, equities, and fiat currencies is far easier as compared to other exchanges. Created for both desktop and mobile users, Uphold is giving tough competition to its contemporaries.<a href="https://upholdlogin_me.teachable.com/"><b>Uphold Login</b></a><a href="https://gemini-login_us.teachable.com/"><b>Gemini Login</b></a><a href="https://krakeunlogin.teachable.com/"><b>Kraken Login</b></a><a href="https://kucoinlog-in.teachable.com/"><b>Kucoin Login</b></a><a href="https://phantom-wallet2.teachable.com/"><b>Phantom Wallet</b></a><a href="https://metamask-log_in.teachable.com/"><b>Metamask Login</b></a><a href="https://upholdloginyou.wordpress.com/"><b>Uphold Login</b></a><a href="https://geeminilogincom.wordpress.com/"><b>Gemini Login</b></a><a href="https://kraukenlogin.wordpress.com/"><b>Kraken Login</b></a><a href="https://kucoinlogin0s.wordpress.com/"><b>Kucoin Login</b></a><a href="https://phantuwallett.wordpress.com/"><b>Phantom Wallet</b></a><a href="https://metaemaskl0gin.wordpress.com/"><b>Metamask Login</b></a><a href="https://upholdologi.splashthat.com/"><b>Uphold Login</b></a><a href="https://us-gemini-login.splashthat.com/"><b>Gemini Login</b></a><a href="https://kriknlogina.splashthat.com/"><b>Kraken Login</b></a><a href="https://kucoin-login-us.splashthat.com/"><b>Kucoin Login</b></a><a href="https://phntuomwallet.splashthat.com/"><b>Phantom Wallet</b></a><a href="https://metemsklog.splashthat.com/"><b>Metamask Login</b></a>
sa Email Homepage
2022-5-27 23:12
Until now, however, Phantom was limited to the desktop app, which is far from ideal for Defi traders on the move. For this reason, Phantom Wallet developers announced the creation of a mobile app for early this year that will provide Solana Defi traders with a much-needed resource in a market with limited options.https://metemask_login.teachable.com/https://uphold_eng_login.teachable.com/https://gemini-login-en.teachable.com/https:...
sa Email Homepage
2022-5-27 23:12
Until now, however, Phantom was limited to the desktop app, which is far from ideal for Defi traders on the move. For this reason, Phantom Wallet developers announced the creation of a mobile app for early this year that will provide Solana Defi traders with a much-needed resource in a market with limited options.https://metemask_login.teachable.com/https://uphold_eng_login.teachable.com/https://gemini-login-en.teachable.com/https:...
sweepstakespass Email Homepage
2022-5-28 17:02
Sweepstakes Pass is the best free sweepstakes website online where you’ll find sweepstakes, contests, and Giveaway, instant prizes that are updated daily. And you can win big prizes.https://www.sweepstakespass.com/
分页: 301/436 第一页 上页 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]