[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862801)
norton setup Email Homepage
2019-3-29 19:38
Thank you for letting other people to know about it.I'm impressed by the admin of this post .This is very helpful information for budding bloggers and article writers.This will help them in boosting their skill and enhance their knowledge.For more info do visit:-office.com/setupmcafee.com/activatenorton.com/setup
adneymaria Email Homepage
2019-3-29 20:20
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-3-30 16:42
Snap office.com/setup for well-ordered data. For MS Office 365 customers, thing initiation watches that you have a present MS Office 365 ‘enrollment’. There are general checks by the item anyway it’s ordinarily the one after the foundation that encounters trouble.http://officecomofficee.com/
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-3-30 16:43
First of all sign in to your office account at Office.com/setup. Now redeem your product key. If you don’t have a account yet then create a new one and use the same Microsoft login credential to sign to your My Office account.http://office-comoffice.com/
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-3-30 16:44
The more subtleties are given on office.com/setup. What to do when item enactment turns out badly You can endeavor the proposals on the Office.com/Setup bolster page.http://officecomoffiice.com/
anonse towarzyskie Sopot Email Homepage
2019-3-30 17:01
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I'm pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include.anonse towarzyskie Sopot
nortonsetup Email Homepage
2019-3-30 18:57
I really happy found this website eventually. Really informative and inoperative, Thanks for the post and effort! Please keep sharing more such blog.<a href="https://www.nortonsetup-keys.com/">norton.com/setup</a><a href="https://nortononlinehelp.com">norton help</a><a href="http://roadrunneremailcustomerservice.com/">roadrunner email</a><a href="http://setup-mcafee.com/">mcafee.com/activate</a><a href="http://emailhelplinenumber.us/">aol mail</a>
seoexpert Email Homepage
2019-3-30 19:18
Hello, I have browsed most of your posts. This post is probably where I got the most useful information for my research. Thanks for posting, maybe we can see more on this. Are you aware of any other websites on this subject.ogłoszenia towarzyskie roksahttp://www.roksa.nu
yapboz Email Homepage
2019-3-31 17:33
Aw, this was a really nice post. In idea I would like to put in writing like this additionally ? taking time and actual effort to make a very good article? but what can I say? yapboz oyunları
mężczyzni roksa Email Homepage
2019-3-31 18:56
Much obliged to you for exceptionally usefull data.. mężczyzni roksahttp://www.roksa.nu/pl/mezczyzni.html
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-4-1 17:31
tremendous post!!
sober Email Homepage
2019-4-1 18:40
Thanks for sharing this post.I am very pleased to read this article.Avast Customer Supporthttp://www.avast-customersupport.com
seoexpert Email Homepage
2019-4-1 21:03
Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained!ogłoszenia erotyczne białystokhttp://www.roksa.nu/pl/kobiety/bialystok.html
Neilpatels 07 Email Homepage
2019-4-2 12:44
I think this is a useful post and it is exceptionally valuable and learned. along these lines, I might want to thank you for the endeavors you have made recorded as a hard copy this article. In the event that you are searching for antivirus security for your PC and some other advanced gadgets than. Visit@: office.com/setup |office.com/setup
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-4-2 17:34
You will get the best solution for the issues related to your version of the Office product. Check out the easy steps for installing, downloading, activation and re-installing the Microsoft office.You may also connect us by visiting us at - office.com/setupoffice.com/setupwww.office.com/setup
JAXSON Email
2019-4-3 05:57
norton.com/setup - Let's get Started with Norton Security as we are here to get you the easiest way to Setup Norton Security.
Office.com/Setup Email Homepage
2019-4-3 14:55
Office.com/Setup is the Office Productivity Suite having various Office applications like MS Word, MS excel or MS PowerPoint & web services like Office Online,OneDrive etc.& servers like Microsoft SharePoint and Skype for a Business Server.
Webroot Support Homepage
2019-4-3 17:53
Webroot Support – Webroot is an Antivirus which not only offers the security to your systems even secure your cloud data and password as well. Webroot is a private American which has designed Webroot SecureAnywhere Antivirus, Webroot SecureAnywhere Internet Security and many others,The Webroot Antivirus offers you the Next-gen security to your devices.https://contactassistance.com/webroot-support/
BT Mail Homepage
2019-4-3 17:54
BT Mail - Login, Sign up, Sign in, Reset Password etc using BT ID or BT Email. Log in to BT Yahoo Mail or BT Sign in at BT UK Account. BT Mail at BT email address with domain mybtmail.com
Telstra Webmail Homepage
2019-4-3 17:55
Telstra Webmail - Telstra Login using Telstra ID & Access Telstra My Account. Also, use Bigpond Webmail using Bigpond Login. TELSTRA 24x7 - MY ACCOUNTtelstra-webmail.com
分页: 32/438 第一页 上页 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]