[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8712) | 引用(0) | 阅读(840191)
Looks Rare Email Homepage
2022-8-8 16:31
LooksRare is a decentralized, community-first NFT marketplace that actively rewards traders, token stakers, creators and collectors for participating on the platform. It has a total supply of 1 billion and stands at a price point of $1.02 at the time of this writing. http://sites.google.com/cryptosstakes.com/looksrare/home
Coinbase Wallet Email Homepage
2022-8-9 01:18
Metamask login account once, then it allows the users to store the Ether along with other tokens and enable the users to make the transactions. Through this guide, you will get to learn the basic steps to use the Metamask login account. So let us begin with the topic to understand the topic in discussion better! Learn the quick and basic steps to use the Metamask login account. All you need to do is to follow the process as directed to avoid any interruptions.https://meta-maskk.github.io/  https://metamasklognio.github.io/ https://meta-maskk.github.io/ https://pahntom-wallet.github.io/ https://phantomxswallet.github.io/ https://exoduswalet.github.io/ https://walletexodus.github.io/ https://binance-wallte.github.io/ https://coinbse-wallet.github.io/ https://walletcoinbase.github.io/
shz Email
2022-8-9 02:25
The material and aggregation is excellent and telltale as comfortably.   Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
shz Email
2022-8-9 02:28
Very nice article, I enjoyed reading your post, very nice share, I want to twit this to my followers. Thanks!.  Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
shzz Email
2022-8-9 02:29
This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information...  Christian Mikkelsen Review
shz Email
2022-8-9 02:31
This is just the information I am finding everywhere. Thanks for your blog, I just subscribe your blog. This is a nice blog..  Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
shz Email
2022-8-9 02:36
I was surfing net and fortunately came across this site and found very interesting stuff here. Its really fun to read. I enjoyed a lot. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information.  Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
shzz Email
2022-8-9 02:39
Thumbs up guys your doing a really good job.  Christian Mikkelsen Review
shz Email
2022-8-9 02:39
This was among the best posts and episode from your team it let me learn many new things.  Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
shzz Email
2022-8-9 02:41
Cool you write, the information is very good and interesting, I'll give you a link to my site.  Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
shz Email
2022-8-9 02:43
This is a good post. This post gives truly quality information. I’m definitely going to look into it. Really very useful tips are provided here. Thank you so much. Keep up the good works  Rasmus Mikkelsen Review
Slope Unblocked Email Homepage
2022-8-9 04:04
Slope is a fun and addictive 3D speed running game. It involves a ball endlessly rolling down a steep slope at high-speed and requires https://sites.google.com/codees.cc/slope-unblocked/home https://sites.google.com/activatecoms.com/slope-unblocked/home
ninolucchese Email Homepage
2022-8-9 12:59
Negli ultimi anni, LingoYou ha sviluppato competenze in diversi servizi di traduzione di documenti (legali, medici, tecnici, finanziari e altri). Inoltre, possiamo aiutarti con la localizzazione di software, la localizzazione di giochi e la traduzione di siti Web. La nostra azienda può convertire qualsiasi cosa in più di 100 lingue e dispone di una rete globale di siti di produzione. Visita Milano, la più grande agenzia di traduzioni documenti online in Italia.
Polygon Wallet Email Homepage
2022-8-9 14:04
Polygon Wallet crypto serves the blockchain industry with cheaper transaction fees. If you wish to learn more about creating a Polygon Wallet and start saving some dollars on gas fees. Polygon
mshahid Email
2022-8-9 15:55
On this page, you'll see my profile, please read this information.  essence festival tv
Olinto Bruno Email Homepage
2022-8-9 16:55
Un traduttore traduce le conversazioni tra due o più persone. Sia le conversazioni di persona che quelle telefoniche sono accettabili per queste interazioni. Qui, un traduttore cambia la lingua scritta dall'italiano all'inglese o viceversa. Quando si fa riferimento a una traduzione, le frasi "lingua di partenza" e "lingua di destinazione" si riferiscono alla lingua originale del testo. Il nostro sito Web è l'unico luogo in cui è possibile ottenere dettagli approfonditi su interpretariato consecutivo, interpretariato inglese, interpretariato dialogico, interpretariato di conferenza e interpretariato di trattativa.https://congressiinternazionali.it/interpreti-di-conferenza/
mshahid Email
2022-8-9 19:23
The information is very special, I will have to follow you, the information you bring is very real, reflecting correctly and objectively, it is very useful for society to grow together.  car check uk
Cosma Genovesi Email Homepage
2022-8-9 19:39
Le organizzazioni oggi incontrano difficoltà poiché l'economia globale pone maggiore enfasi sulla comunicazione. I dirigenti devono superare gli ostacoli linguistici per essere efficaci e connettersi con partner, fornitori, dipendenti e imprenditori. Le aziende utilizzano più frequentemente le conferenze video e Internet per comunicare con i traduttori perché danno loro la possibilità di superare le barriere di comunicazione. Per accedere a un interprete online, visitare il nostro sito Web. Per ulteriori informazioni, visita i nostri servizi diinterpretazione simultanea da remoto.
分页: 322/436 第一页 上页 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]