[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8738) | 引用(0) | 阅读(861420)
Cash App Login Email Homepage
2022-9-12 19:28
Cash App Login licenses individuals to get and send money to others from their mobile phones quickly. Despite flexible banking, Cash App similarly offers the decision to purchase stock and Bitcoin through its establishment.
mariyajones Email Homepage
2022-9-13 12:11
PayPal log in is an online service that provides a convenient way to transfer money. You can send and receive money online for products and services
jimmy Email Homepage
2022-9-13 15:18
Leather has established itself as a constant component of apparel and fashion, unlike many other materials and items over time. Leather apparel has been fashionable for a very long time thanks to its durability and protection, as well as its obvious appeal. Whatever your profession, Leather Products Manufacturers whether you're a musician, a movie star, or simply a regular guy on the street, leather will always make you look great!https://www.exporthub.com/textile-leather-products/
Cashapp Login Email
2022-9-13 17:29
All the users should do is, download Cash App on their mobile devices, create a Cash App account, and stay signed in to utilize its benefits. In addition to this, the Cash App download and login procedure is uncomplicated.https://sites.google.com/walletlogs.com/cashapploginn/home
Cashapp Login Email
2022-9-13 17:31
All the users should do is, download Cash App on their mobile devices, create a Cash App account, and stay signed in to utilize its benefits. In addition to this, the Cash App download and login procedure is uncomplicated.https://sites.google.com/walletlogs.com/cashapploginn/home
DigitizeDigitally Email Homepage
2022-9-13 17:39
<a href="https://digitizedigitally.com/digital-marketing-agency-in-rohini/"> DigitizeDigitally </a>provides the best Google Ads Agency in Rohini, Delhi. Pay-per-click, or Google ads, is an important part of the business. And DigitizeDigitally DigitizeDigitally provides the best digital marketing SEO Agency in GTB Delhi.Best <a href="https://digitizedigitally.com/">Digital Marketing Agency In Rohini</a>We provide the best digital marketing SEO Agency in Rohini and the best digital marketing SEO Agency in Delhi. Increase your online website traffic with the help of DigitizeDigitally which do all kinds of Agency in the field of Digital Marketing.Digital Marketing Agency in RohiniBest Social Media Marketing Agency in Delhi. We at DigitizeDigitally give you the best Social media marketing Agency in Delhi. Get a free E-book that will help you learn more about Social media marketing and find out that DigitizeDigitally provides the best digital marketing Agency in Rohinihttps://digitizedigitally.com/
target gift card balance Email Homepage
2022-9-13 21:30
You can check for the remainder amount on Your Target credit card online. Utilize the remaining balance to purchase items in-store as well as on the internet. Expect More. Pay Lesshttps://sites.google.com/view/targetgiftcardbalancee/https://sites.google.com/view/venmol0gin/https://sites.google.com/view/url-venmo-login/https://amazoncomcode.onepage.website/https://sites.google.com/view/url-amazoncommytv/https://sites.google.com/view/spectrumemailloginn/https://sites.google.com/view/ebaycustomerservicee/https://sites.google.com/view/itunes-gift-card-balance/https://sites.google.com/view/url-cashappl0gin/https://sites.google.com/view/url-paypal-loginn/https://sites.google.com/view/vanillagiftcardbalancee/
jimmy Email Homepage
2022-9-15 13:46
Are you looking for high-quality IT services for your Manchester company? We are a full-service IT upport firm situated in Manchester. Since many years, Remedian I.T Solutions has rovided dependable IT support to organisations in Manchester. Remedian, as one of the leading anaged IT support service providers, helps you obtain a competitive advantage by accelerating the doption of cutting-edge technology that is crucial to your company&#39;s success. Our services are ustomised to match your needs, from completely managed IT support to on-demand solutions.https://remedian.co.uk/it-support-consultancy-manchester
shivanisharma Email Homepage
2022-9-15 15:22
Thank you for this wonderfull post! Call Girls Service in Dwarka It has long been extremely helpful. I wish that you will carry on posting your knowledge with us thanks for sharing this post.
Escorts in Connaught Place Email Homepage
2022-9-15 15:23
The great thing about this blog is the conversational tone and the real person behind the brand. I found this post I liked everything in this post this post is beneficial for me.
Delhi Escort Services Email Homepage
2022-9-15 15:26
This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put really very helpful information. Keep it up.
Call Girl Mumbai Email Homepage
2022-9-15 15:27
This is a great idea that opens the variety of options available for you to make the new future I really love to read more articles on this kind of event which really helps people.
Call Girl Delhi Email Homepage
2022-9-15 15:27
I see your post and reed. This is good for me this is a good post you give a piece of great information and helpful thanks for sharing this side.
web-iolo Email Homepage
2022-9-15 16:06
Thanks for this valuable information!https://web-iolo.com/<a href="https://web-iolo.com/"web-iolo</a>
aaa Email Homepage
2022-9-15 17:05
Are you looking to withdraw Bitcoin from your Exodus Wallet? Users who have stored Bitcoin in their Exodus account can easily withdraw it from the wallet and send it to another wallet address or bank account. Here on this page, we are going to mention the quick steps to withdraw Bitcoin from Exodus. https://metamaskslogin.brizy.site/ | https://metamsklogin.brizy.site/ | https://metamaskwallet.brizy.site/ | https://metamskwallet.brizy.site/ | https://phantomswallet.brizy.site/ | https://phantomwallets.brizy.site/ | https://coinbasewallet.brizy.site/ | https://coinbasewallets.brizy.site/ | https://exoduswallet.brizy.site/ | https://exoduswallat.brizy.site/ |
分页: 332/437 第一页 上页 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]