[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8743) | 引用(0) | 阅读(863442)
gdgnsgl Email
2023-7-27 21:56
you can provide the secret recovery phrase of your wallet in the given blanks upon getting verified by the platform, you'll be asked to add a new password. how to change metamask password we will cover an introduction to MetaMask Airdrop, instructions to qualify for MetaMask Airdrop, and other important things that you have to know about this campaign. metamask airdrop In addition to MetaMask Bridge, you can also swap your tokens with your preferred ones as well as you can connect a dApp with your wallet account to explore the decentralized economy. metamask bridge if you continue to see MetaMask stuck message, then you need to take some additional steps to get rid of the error. metamask stuck
tga168.net Email
2023-7-28 22:46
Get ready to be tga168.net enthralled and delighted as we extend our invitation to all our friends and siblings for an unforgettable online gaming experience.
ufa365 เว็บตรง Email
2023-7-28 22:48
Discover the magic of ufa365 ทางเข้า online slots and football, and let's invite our loved ones to join us in this mesmerizing and captivating journey.
สล็อต เครดิตฟรี Email
2023-7-28 22:50
Engage in an สล็อต เครดิตฟรี 50 ไม่ต้องฝากก่อน ไม่ต้องแชร์ ยืนยันเบอร์โทรศัพท์2023 exhilarating online gaming session, inviting all our companions to explore the wonders of slots and football with us.
TGA-SLOT.COM Email
2023-7-28 22:52
Join hands for a TGA-SLOT.COM joyous adventure through online football and slot games, where the thrill is amplified by the laughter and camaraderie we share.
tga168.vip Email
2023-7-28 22:53
Prepare to be tga168.vip amazed and entertained as we embark on a virtual gaming escapade, inviting friends and siblings to join in the excitement of online slots and football.
ella Email
2023-7-30 14:02
Coinbase Card is a debit card that allows users to spend their cryptocurrencies for everyday purchases and transactions. The card is linked directly to the user's Coinbase account, providing seamless access to their digital assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and more. It bridges the gap between the digital and traditional financial worlds, enabling users to utilize their cryptocurrencies just like fiat currencies for various expenses.Coinbase Commerce | Coinbase Card
Admission Email Homepage
2023-7-31 11:27
We are helping for Management Quota or NRI Quota Admissions in many colleges and universities of India.Management Quota / NRI Quota Admissions
leodenial Email
2023-8-1 18:56
How to connect Ledger to MetaMaskCan MetaMask hold BitcoinMetaMask Wallet is the best choice for managing crypto tokens and seamless interaction with dApp among a lot of crypto enthusiasts. Along with that, there are various other features of the platform that makes it more popular in the crypto market and today we are going to talk about its compatibility with hardware wallet.
Barry Allen Email Homepage
2023-8-1 19:45
Open the Sephora app and click on the "Gift Cards" tab. Enter your gift card number and click on the "Check Balance" button to see your balance.Sephora Gift Card Balance , Check Sephora Gift Card Balance , Sephora Gift Card Balance Check ,
SOFAYROSE
2023-8-2 18:03
MetaMask extension works as a web plug-in that converts our web browser into a safe and secure web wallet which allows us to use the capabilities that are included on the platform. The extension for MetaMask can easily be installed on five different web browsers namely Chrome, Brave, Edge, Firefox, and Opera.Metamask Extension
Walmart gift card balance Email Homepage
2023-8-2 18:03
To determine the balance of the balance of your Walmart Gift Card, use the following options (phone number or store location, website). When you are checking your balance, make sure you have your card\'s number and pin code readily available. Any questions about your balance on your gift card must be addressed to the company who issued the gift card.walmart gift card balancemacy's gift card balancewalmart gift card balancehome depot gift card balancepaypal loginvenmo loginamazon.com/redeemdunkin donuts gift card balanceamazon.com/redeemamazon.ca/redeemamazon.co.uk/redeemSephora gift card balancetarget.com/check balanceNike gift card balancechilis gift card balanceulta gift card balance
janne Email Homepage
2023-8-4 12:27
https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemaillogin/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginius/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogina/home/https://sites.google.com/view/payinusa/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogiinus/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogin-iusa/https://www.mykashipur.com/https://paypallogin.papyi.com/https://mypaypallogin.pypyi.com/https://web.papyi.com/https://sites.google.com/papyi.com/paypallogin/https://sites.google.com/papyi.com/paypal-login/home/https://sites.google.com/pypyi.com/paypallogin/home/
PancakeSwap clone script Email Homepage
2023-8-4 18:45
A PancakeSwap clone script is a pre-built software solution that replicates the functionality of PancakeSwap. It enables developers to create and launch a new DeFi platform with similar features and functions as PancakeSwap without starting from scratch. The clone script includes all the essential features of PancakeSwap, including the ability to swap tokens, provide liquidity, and earn rewards.https://www.hivelance.com/pancakeswap-clone-script
rajdqpsmzpo Email
2023-8-5 11:20
We as an Adventure Travel company aim to show you nice people the most beautiful and pristine places in Karnataka. Preserving the cleanliness & beauty of our beautiful land is our topmost priorityWebsite  :-  https://nammatrip.in/tour/channagiri-day-trek-nammatrip/
rajdqpsmzpo Email Homepage
2023-8-5 11:21
We as an Adventure Travel company aim to show you nice people the most beautiful and pristine places in Karnataka. Preserving the cleanlin Website  :-  https://nammatrip.in/tour/channagiri-day-trek-nammatrip/
ทางเข้า pk789 สล็อต Email Homepage
2023-8-5 12:20
<a href="https://pgslot-th.com/%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a1/ufa-wallet-slot/">ufa wallet slot</a>สำรวจโลกของยูฟ่าวอลเล็ตสล็อตที่ทำให้ความบันเทิงรวมถึงความตื่นเต้น! ค้นพบเคล็ดลับที่ดีที่สุด PG วิธีการและกลยุทธ์ในการเพิ่มประสบการณ์ในการเล่นเกมของคุณในขณะ
ทางเข้า pk789 สล็อต Email Homepage
2023-8-5 12:21
ufa wallet slotสำรวจโลกของยูฟ่าวอลเล็ตสล็อตที่ทำให้ความบันเทิงรวมถึงความตื่นเต้น! ค้นพบเคล็ดลับที่ดีที่สุด PG วิธีการและกลยุทธ์ในการเพิ่มประสบการณ์ในการเล่นเกมของคุณในขณะ
SHIRA Email Homepage
2023-8-5 16:52
MetaMask acts as a bridge between the browser and the metamask extension Ethereum blockchain, providing users with a wallet to securely store their cryptocurrencies and tokens.
emma Email
2023-8-5 19:43
Phantom Wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet designed to securely store, send, and receive digital assets. It offers user-friendly features for managing cryptocurrencies on various blockchains.| phantom wallet extension is a browser add-on designed for secure and convenient management of cryptocurrency holdings. It provides easy access to wallet balances, transaction history, and seamless token transfers directly within the browser.
分页: 394/438 第一页 上页 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]