[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
HADEER
2023-8-29 16:00
صيانة هيتاشيصيانة توشيباصيانة سيمنسصيانة فريجيديرصيانة سونيصيانة يونيفرسالصيانة كارييرصيانة اريستونصيانة سامسونجصيانة بوشصيانة شاربصيانة دايوصيانة اندستصيانة جنرال اليكتريكصيانة باناسونيكصيانة يونيون ايرصيانة تكنو جازصيانة جليم جازصيانة وستنجهاوسصيانة وايت ويلصيانة وايت بوينتصيانة زانوسيصيانة كريازيصيانة هايسنسصيانة كلفينيتورصيانة الكتروستارصيانة جاكصيانة ال جيصيانة الاسكا
shira
2023-8-29 16:27
Metamask chrome extension allows the client to make and deal with their own personalities (by means of private keys, nearby client wallet and equipment wallets like Trezor™), so when a Dapp needs to play out an exchange and write to the blockchain, the client gets a protected point of interaction to survey the exchange, prior to supporting or dismissing it.
ASHISH456
2023-8-29 18:42
Sehgal Transport Service is a trusted name in travels and transportation industry of India. What started as a local bus transport company took a vigour form and developed over the years as one of the leading transportation company India, with over a fleet of over 200 vehicles which include Volvo Coaches, AC Luxury Coaches, Tempo Travellers, SUVs, MUVs and other luxury cars. Over three decades back in 1982, Sehgal Transport was incepted to serve the local transport in Delhi with Blue Lines and White Lines Buses. Later, STS started providing transportation services leaving the public transport services. The company started growing on the basis of its service excellence at cost effective rates.VISIT: https://www.sehgaltransport.com/luxury-minivan-bus-hire
ASHISH456
2023-8-29 18:43
Sehgal Transport Service is a trusted name in travels and transportation industry of India. What started as a local bus transport company took a vigour form and developed over the years as one of the leading transportation company India, with over a fleet of over 200 vehicles which include Volvo Coaches, AC Luxury Coaches, Tempo Travellers, SUVs, MUVs and other luxury cars. Over three decades back in 1982, Sehgal Transport was incepted to serve the local transport in Delhi with Blue Lines and White Lines Buses. Later, STS started providing transportation services leaving the public transport services. The company started growing on the basis of its service excellence at cost effective rates.VISIT: https://www.sehgaltransport.com/tempo-traveller/9-seater-tempo-traveller/
luxury bus
2023-8-29 18:45
这是一条隐藏评论或留言。您需要以合适的身份登入后才能看到。
darin
2023-8-30 23:05
https://g2g8888.com<a href="https://g2g8888.com"> G2GSlots </a>G2G Slotshttps://g2g8888.comเล่นเกมออนไลน์ ได้เงินกลับบ้าน
mon1122
2023-8-31 01:45
OSM interiors is one of the top interior design companies in Hyderabad. In terms of efficiency and effectiveness, when completing interior design projects, we could be your best choice.
import
2023-9-2 19:51
Very amazing information, thank you so much for sharing with us. Visit Import Globals for leading Global Import Export Data provider for 100+ countries i.e. Vietnam, Philippines, Mexico, USA, and Turkey.Philippines Import Data
Max Henty
2023-9-5 19:27
You can check your balance online by creating a Target account and logging in. Once you're logged in, go to your Account/Name tab and select Gift cards. Your gift cards will be listed here, along with their balances.target gift card balance,check target gift card balance,target gift card balance,check target gift card balance,
Roy
2023-9-6 15:08
Providing you only with a safe environment to buy and sell crypto, Bitstamp is not a wallet service but just a crypto exchange. On this platform, you can involve in selling and buying different crypto assets through different payment methods. Those users who were looking for a varied payment method to trade in crypto assets will be able to use their credit card, debit card, bank account, and other international payment methods to complete the purchase of their preferred crypto assets.bitstamp login | bitstamp login
sofayrsoee
2023-9-6 19:40
The Ledger Stax wallet is a hardware wallet designed for the day-to-day use of cryptocurrencies and NFTs.It features a curved E Ink touchscreen that allows for clear transaction signing.ledger stax wallet |Ledger Nano X Wallet
shira
2023-9-6 19:43
You can simply navigate to the section where it is written: "Download." When you click on this option, the will get downloaded on your device and then you can simply sync your offline wallet with that of the Ledger Live app.Choose ledger restore from recovery seed phrase In Ledger Live, there should be an option to restore a device. This is where you'll use your recovery seed phrase.
mia
2023-9-6 19:53
Buying and selling are the two primary processes on which the complete trade is dependent. Alternatively, these processes can be referred to as the cornerstones of the crypto trade. Thus, we are here going to shed light on the “Purchase” process of crypto assets using the Ledger Live wallet. Ledger Nano S Wallet | ledger live wallet
Mia
2023-9-6 19:57
Buying and selling are the two primary processes on which the complete trade is dependent. Alternatively, these processes can be referred to as the cornerstones of the crypto trade. Thus, we are here going to shed light on the “Purchase” process of crypto assets using the Ledger Nano S Wallet \ ledger live wallet
Earn With Janita
2023-9-6 23:05
How to Make Money Online?Make Money Extra, As You Know, Does Not Happen. Therefore, Many People Are Looking For Part-Time Jobs Or Ways Of Passive Income. No 1 Site: $1000 Single Month: Site Name & URL earnwithjanita.infohttps://earnwithjanita.info/how-to-make-money-wth-5-money-making-apps/
aa
2023-9-11 19:38
Ledger Live login is a trouble-free process unless you have not lost your seed phrase. You can surely use your Ledger Live app without having to connect to your wallet again and again
jackmaa
2023-9-12 12:58
Ledger live not working is the magical key to unlocking your online crypto financial journey using the hardware Ledger Wallet.Thus, to they can simply perform the general troubleshooting measures. Fix Ledger Live Not Synchronizing Error as you might already know is a software application that needs
ledger wallet app
2023-9-12 14:07
If you are in search of a Ledger wallet app, then Ledger Live is always by your side. This app lets you download necessary firmware and its updates as and when needed. Apart from letting you search your wallet, you can also use this app to manage your crypto and NFTs smoothly.ledger wallet app
stevenmark
2023-9-12 17:58
With a 1inch network by your side, you can easily take advantage of its liquidity features that help you to work on a huge collection of markets available on three different blockchain networks. then 1 inch would allow you to have access to liquidity worth billions. The Coinomi wallet is considered to be a safe storage space for those who wish to keep their crypto assets in a safe haven and away from the eye of hackers. Apart from that, it also has a great track record and has never been hacked.
Elbert Wayne
2023-9-14 02:12
MetaMask Extension is an extension for accessing Ethereum enabled distributed applications,https://sites.google.com/coinsloginx.com/metamaskextension/home or "Dapps" in your browser! The MetaMask Chrome Extension injects the Ethereum web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that dapps can read from the blockchain.MetaMask Extension is an extension for accessing Ethereum enabled distributed applications, or "Dapps" in your browser!https://sites.google.com/coinsloginx.com/metamaskcromeextension/home The MetaMask Chrome Extension injects the Ethereum web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that dapps can read from the blockchain.
分页: 399/438 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403