[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
![点击在新窗口中浏览此图片 点击在新窗口中浏览此图片](attachment/200711/varnish0.gif)
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
![点击在新窗口中浏览此图片 点击在新窗口中浏览此图片](attachment/200711/varnish1.gif)
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
![](https://cdn.phpts.cn/phpts/www/webstatic/img/logo@2x.png)
![](https://cdn.phpts.cn/phpts/images/software/phptsbnew.jpg)
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
![点击在新窗口中浏览此图片 点击在新窗口中浏览此图片](attachment/200711/varnish0.gif)
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
![点击在新窗口中浏览此图片 点击在新窗口中浏览此图片](attachment/200711/varnish1.gif)
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
![](https://cdn.phpts.cn/phpts/www/webstatic/img/logo@2x.png)
![](https://cdn.phpts.cn/phpts/images/software/phptsbnew.jpg)
RGTWE56
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-14 19:42
metamask login chrome Once logged in, you can securely interact with Ethereum-based decentralized applications (dApps), manage your cryptocurrency assets, and conduct transactions. | MetaMask Sign in Install the Chrome extension, create or import a wallet with a password and seed phrase, enabling secure access to Ethereum dApps and cryptocurrency management within your browser.MetaMask Chrome Extension is a cryptocurrency wallet and gateway to decentralized apps (dApps) on the Ethereum blockchain. It offers secure storage of crypto assets, transaction management, and seamless integration with web3 applications within the Chrome browser.
jainifer
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-15 12:03
Explore essential accessories to enhance your Genyt usage. Find the perfect add-ons for an improved experienceGet access to the latest movies on Filmywap. Learn how to download them for entertainment on the go.https://sites.google.com/activatecoms.com/genyt/homehttps://sites.google.com/activatecoms.com/filmywap/home
jainifer
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-15 12:03
Explore essential accessories to enhance your Genyt usage. Find the perfect add-ons for an improved experienceGet access to the latest movies on Filmywap. Learn how to download them for entertainment on the go.https://sites.google.com/activatecoms.com/genyt/homehttps://sites.google.com/activatecoms.com/filmywap/home
jainifer
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-15 12:04
Explore essential accessories to enhance your Genyt usage. Find the perfect add-ons for an improved experiencemovies on Filmywap. Learn how to download them for entertainment on the go.genyt | filmywap
jainifer
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-15 12:04
Explore essential accessories to enhance your Genyt usage. Find the perfect add-ons for an improved experiencemovies on Filmywap. Learn how to download them for entertainment on the go.genyt | filmywap
maria
2023-9-15 20:06
Itrustcapital login is a tool that allows the user to login and logout from the website. This tool also allows you to reset your password, so you can use this site again in the future. itrustcapital app | itrustcapital app | itrustcapital app
ChrisB
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-16 19:59
Yes, the Ledger Live login is completely safe and can be trusted by the users without any worry. While executing any transaction you will be provided with all the information of the blockchain network then you know exactly what transaction you are signing after the Ledger live login. So, you should not doubt the security of this wallet.To withdraw money from your Ledger Live app, you need to sell some Bitcoin for cash on an exchange. Once you sell your crypto, you can move the funds to your bank account and then withdraw the cash as and when you need it. However, one thing that you need to beware of in this particular case is that you should have used the same bank account to buy your crypto assets
alvis
2023-9-19 14:35
Ledger live not working as you might already know is a software application that needs to be paired up with theLedger hardware device to put the crypto trade decisions into action. Thus, to Fix Ledger Live Not Synchronizing Error they can simply perform the general troubleshooting measures.
oliverjames9490
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
![访问他/她的主页 Homepage](template/RuiPai/images/homepage.gif)
2023-9-19 18:38
Fildena 150 mg pills with the PDE-5 inhibiting power help to supply more blood inside the tissues of the penis through the penal arteries. This brings about hardness in the erections.As with any other ED pill, this category of generic Sildenafil tablets is mostly taken by ED and impotence patients.Fildena 150
Metamask Extension
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-19 19:36
MetaMask Extension is an extension for accessing Ethereum enabled distributed applications, or "Dapps" in your browser! The MetaMask Chrome Extension injects the Ethereum web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that dapps can read from the blockchain.
goldtreemillers
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-20 16:34
The Gold Tree Millers strongly believe in the strength, purity, and freshness of nature. Our business is a diversified, expansion-focused agribusiness. Our main businesses are selling grains, processing flour, and exporting rice. based in Lahore, Pakistan. We are a group of young experts dedicated to delivering to our clients foods of the highest calibre. We seek to strengthen local communities and broaden people's access to and involvement with real foods. one and only We provide<a href="https://goldtreemillers.com/product/multigrain-flour-16-grains/">https://goldtreemillers.com/product/multigrain-... with 16 Grains in Pakistan.
Lorenzo
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-20 22:12
MetaMask Extension is an extension for accessing Ethereum enabled distributed applications, or "Dapps" in your browser! The MetaMask Chrome Extension injects the Ethereum web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that dapps can read from the blockchain.
SDFGJK
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-21 02:26
MetaMask Extension is an extension for accessing Ethereum enabled distributed applications,https://sites.google.com/coinsloginx.com/metamaskextension/home or "Dapps" in your browser! The MetaMask Chrome Extension injects the Ethereum web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that dapps can read from the blockchain.MetaMask Extension is an extension for accessing Ethereum enabled distributed applications, or "Dapps" in your browser!https://sites.google.com/coinsloginx.com/metamaskcromeextension/home The MetaMask Chrome Extension injects the Ethereum web3 API into every website's javascript context, so that dapps can read from the blockchain.
jannemilton88
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-22 18:50
https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemaillogin/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginius/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogiinus/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogin-iusa/https://www.mykashipur.com/https://www.prime-videomytv.com/https://www.mcakey.com/https://sites.google.com/pypyi.com/paypallogin/home/
jannemilton88
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
![访问他/她的主页 Homepage](template/RuiPai/images/homepage.gif)
2023-9-22 18:50
https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemaillogin/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginius/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogiinus/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogin-iusa/https://www.mykashipur.com/https://www.prime-videomytv.com/https://www.mcakey.com/https://sites.google.com/pypyi.com/paypallogin/home/
Chris Brown
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-23 11:58
Yes, the Ledger Live login is completely safe and can be trusted by the users without any worry. While executing any transaction you will be provided with all the information of the blockchain network then you know exactly what transaction you are signing after the Ledger live login. So, you should not doubt the security of this wallet.To withdraw money from your Ledger Live app, you need to sell some Bitcoin for cash on an exchange. Once you sell your crypto, you can move the funds to your bank account and then withdraw the cash as and when you need it. However, one thing that you need to beware of in this particular case is that you should have used the same bank account to buy your crypto assets
Chris Brown
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-23 11:58
Yes, the Ledger Live login is completely safe and can be trusted by the users without any worry. While executing any transaction you will be provided with all the information of the blockchain network then you know exactly what transaction you are signing after the Ledger live login. So, you should not doubt the security of this wallet.To withdraw money from your Ledger Live app, you need to sell some Bitcoin for cash on an exchange. Once you sell your crypto, you can move the funds to your bank account and then withdraw the cash as and when you need it. However, one thing that you need to beware of in this particular case is that you should have used the same bank account to buy your crypto assets
SAFA
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
![访问他/她的主页 Homepage](template/RuiPai/images/homepage.gif)
2023-9-23 15:00
https://braun.maintenance-centers.comhttps://delonghi.maintenance-centers.comhttps://moulinex.maintenance-centers.comhttps://kenwood.maintenance-centers.comhttps://blackanddecker.maintenance-centers.comhttps://mienta.maintenance-centers.comhttps://coffee-machine.maintenance-centers.com
SAFA
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-23 15:03
http://braun.maintenance-centers.comhttp://delonghi.maintenance-centers.comhttp://moulinex.maintenance-centers.comhttp://kenwood.maintenance-centers.comhttps://braun.maintenance-centers.comhttps://delonghi.maintenance-centers.comhttps://moulinex.maintenance-centers.comhttps://kenwood.maintenance-centers.comhttps://blackanddecker.maintenance-centers.comhttps://mienta.maintenance-centers.comhttps://coffee-machine.maintenance-centers.com
davidkehr08
![给他/她发邮件 Email](template/RuiPai/images/email.gif)
2023-9-25 14:41
The amount of material we have to cover in IT management is huge. I used the IT Management Assignment Help service for my budget planning project and got invaluable guidance. The tutor helped me analyze the case study, develop realistic budgets, and improve my writing. Thanks to the support, I felt prepared for my presentation and nailed it. Highly recommended!
分页: 400/433
395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404
![第一页 第一页](template/RuiPai/images/arrows/doubleleft.gif)
![上页 上页](template/RuiPai/images/arrows/singleleft.gif)
![下页 下页](template/RuiPai/images/arrows/singleright.gif)
![最后页 最后页](template/RuiPai/images/arrows/doubleright.gif)