[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8651) | 引用(0) | 阅读(805516)
paypal  login Email Homepage
2023-11-4 20:06
https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininusa/login/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginius/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginusn/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogiinus/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogin-iusa/https://mypaypallogin.pypyi.com/https://www.prime-videomytv.com/https://www.mcakey.com/https://sites.google.com/pypyi.com/paypallogin/home/https://sites.google.com/papyi.com/paypal-com/home/
ลาวาสล็อต88
2023-11-5 22:54
<a href="https://lavaslot88.co/"><b>ลาวาสล็อต88</b></a>
sebamwehxyi12 Email
2023-11-6 16:48
online Indian Visa application in the UK and searching for the top Indian Visa Agent in the UKWeb  :-   https://ivcvisas.uk/india-visa-uk/
sebamwehxyi12 Email
2023-11-6 16:48
online Indian Visa application in the UK and searching for the top Indian Visa Agent in the UKWeb  :-   https://ivcvisas.uk/india-visa-uk/
lucas Homepage
2023-11-7 15:13
MetaMask is your virtual key to Ethereum and the decentralized web, and much more than simply a wallet. You may utilize this browser extension, which works with well-known browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Brave, by using an appropriate web browser or the built-in browser of the mobile app.  MetaMask Extension | MetaMask Chrome Extension | MetaMask wallet
Ivcvisa Email Homepage
2023-11-8 18:52
IVC-Services do not represent Government Department of any Country, also not affiliated or tied up with any Embassy/Authority. IVC-Services is a private Consulting Agency, which caters various professional services related to various Countries and Charges a Consulting fee. Grant or rejection of Visas/or any listed services is solely the discretion of the respective Embassies/Authorities.visit here :- immigration to canadahttps://ivcvisa.sg/canada-visa-application-embassy-singapore
windows1122 Email Homepage
2023-11-9 22:53
We have more than 70 Varients of Antiviruses, Microsoft Windows & Microsoft Offices products available. Our mission is connected to PAN INDIA with this website. We want to give minimum price directly to our valueable customers.
dvsdsdv Email
2023-11-10 18:16
The solutions vary depending on the error you are facing, so without further ado, let’s learn how to remove them.Crypto.com Login Issues
marrie Email
2023-11-16 18:13
MetaMask Help has become one of the most popular online payment platforms, facilitating secure and efficient transactions for individuals and businesses worldwide. However. reset MetaMask password account, you are prompted to accept two screens concerning privacy and terms of usage followed by a page where you enter a password. This password is what allows metamask seed phrase the most popular non-custodial wallet that holds your Ethereum based assets, be it a token, NFT art, or even your Ethereum identity. Non-custodial means that MetaMask doesn’t host or store your assets. Secret Recovery Phrase Metamask If the password to a MetaMask wallet has been forgotten or a wallet has become inaccessible, there is a simple and straightforward process for recovery. In this example, we will be using the Chrome browser.
debuksavkt12 Email Homepage
2023-11-17 18:04
first-class confident product. Laptopex as a logo is a large platform which lets clients to explore distinctive categories before proceeding in the direction of their very last purchaseWeb  :-     https://www.laptopex.com/laptop-under-25000/
debuksavkt12 Email Homepage
2023-11-17 18:05
first-class confident product. Laptopex as a logo is a large platform which lets clients to explore distinctive categories before proceeding in the direction of their very last purchaseWeb  :-     https://www.laptopex.com/laptop-under-25000/
BG Email Homepage
2023-11-17 19:20
lords exchange the leading online gambling company. Our innovative approach and commitment to progress make us stand out in the industry, offering a wide range of markets to bet on and live streaming of several games.1xbet exchange is one of the few betting companies that works on almost all continents. Users in different countries can access their favorite games and enjoy different types of promotions and features.
linajuanker Email
2023-11-17 19:52
Coinbase 2-Step verification and account recovery one of the top cryptocurrency exchanges prioritizes security in order to safeguard your digital money.开表情Coinbase we're having connection issues in ios and android|Coinbase 2-Step verification and account recovery|Coinbase wallet send errorCoinbase advanced trading disabled
Chris BRown
2023-11-18 15:09
Sprinter 999 Online Games offers an all-in-one gaming solution for enthusiasts like you.CricBet99 is an online gambling and sports betting platform that primarily focuses on Cricket betting
algoldultra Email Homepage
2023-11-20 15:59
Thanks for this valuable information!https://algoldultra.shop/<a href="https://algoldultra.shop/">algoldultra</a>
existingaol Email Homepage
2023-11-20 16:00
Thanks for this valuable information!https://existingaol.shop/<a href="https://existingaol.shop/">existingaol</a>
dsafsa Email
2023-11-21 11:53
A cryptocurrency exchange is a place where it allows the users to purchase, sell, trade, and stake on theexchange. Coinbase exchange is one of the platforms that manages to have all the features in it as per the user requirement.coinbase.com | coinbase wallet not working | coinbase app not working | coinbase won't let me cash out
dsafsa Email
2023-11-21 11:53
A cryptocurrency exchange is a place where it allows the users to purchase, sell, trade, and stake on theexchange. Coinbase exchange is one of the platforms that manages to have all the features in it as per the user requirement.coinbase.com | coinbase wallet not working | coinbase app not working | coinbase won't let me cash out
shira Homepage
2023-11-21 13:16
Parimatch India Parimatch is a popular online sports betting and gaming platform that offers a wide range of betting options and casino games to users around the world.friendly interface, competitive odds, and a vast selection of sports and casino games Purewin Investigate on Parimatch India survey on the off chance that you are keen on quality betting recreation and are searching for a solid stage for wagering.
分页: 406/433 第一页 上页 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]