[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8651) | 引用(0) | 阅读(805507)
costanza Email
2023-11-28 14:20
The Atomic Wallet is a decentralized cryptocurrency wallet that enables users to securely store, manage, and exchange various digital assets. With a user-friendly interface and support for a wide range of cryptocurrencies, it provides a convenient solution for both beginners and experienced users. The wallet emphasizes security, offering users full control of their private keys. Additionally, Atomic Wallet features built-in atomic swaps for direct peer-to-peer trading without the need for intermediaries.atomic wellet |
costanza Email
2023-11-28 14:25
The Atomic Wallet is a decentralized cryptocurrency wallet that enables users to securely store, manage, and exchange various digital assets. With a user-friendly interface and support for a wide range of cryptocurrencies, it provides a convenient solution for both beginners and experienced users. The wallet emphasizes security, offering users full control of their private keys. Additionally, Atomic Wallet features built-in atomic swaps for direct peer-to-peer trading without the need for intermediaries.https://sites.google.com/view/atomicewallet/home
Jack Email
2023-11-28 16:46
Fast gameplay, a secure platform, and safe transactions and Win Big! Get ID. Great range of sports events, best esports betting site. Most Trusted and Legal betting site is Jack9.K9win is a Popular betting site and exciting online gaming Platform. Create your cricket Id and Start Betting Online. It is popular in Asian Country Like India. A legal Online betting site where you try to get big rewards.
Maharaja Online Email Homepage
2023-11-28 19:10
Maharaja Online is a premier online betting platform in India, offering a thrilling and secure betting experience.Visit- https://www.maharaja.online/casino-kochi-online/
Sumra Email Homepage
2023-11-29 00:10
You have shared the good articles.
Sumra Admission Email
2023-11-29 00:13
We are well known Admission Guide in India. Contact Sumra Admission Now.
Trezor app download Email
2023-11-30 12:55
Trezor Bridge strengthens security for the Trezor app, a reliable platform for managing cryptocurrencies. Install the Trezor Suite App for easy management and strengthen your holdings to protect your investments in the event that the Trezor Bridge malfunctions.Trezor app download and Trezor bridge not working issues | Trezor.io/start
Trezor app download Email
2023-11-30 12:56
Trezor Bridge strengthens security for the Trezor app, a reliable platform for managing cryptocurrencies. Install the Trezor Suite App for easy management and strengthen your holdings to protect your investments in the event that the Trezor Bridge malfunctions.Trezor app download and Trezor bridge not working issues | Trezor.io/start
rgfr Email Homepage
2023-12-1 19:02
Vanguard Login offers a range of investment products and services. By logging into your Vanguard account, you can view your portfolio holdings, track the performance of your investments, make trades, contribute to your accounts, and access important account documents and statements.Vanguard Login is a secure online platform that allows you to access and manage your Vanguard investment accounts. As one of the world's largest investment management companies. The login process typically requires your username or account number, along with a password or PIN for authentication.vanguard 401k login offers a wide selection of mutual funds and ETFs to choose from, and consolidating your assets at Vanguard can make it easier to focus on your investments . You can also check out their online learning center for quick-hit, easy-to-understand education and tools that will help you stay on top of your financial game.
bipasha roy Email
2023-12-3 00:09
https://www.kolkataescortsgirl.comhttps://pheehu.comhttps://bipasharoy.comhttps://www.shruthikapoor.comhttp://hotladki.com
jannemilton Email Homepage
2023-12-3 19:32
https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininusa/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginius/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginusn/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogiinus/home/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogin-iusa/https://printersetupshop.com/canon/https://www.prime-videomytv.com/https://activate.prime-videomytv.com/https://www.mcakey.com/https://sites.google.com/pypyi.com/paypallogin/home/https://epayoption.com/paypallogin/https://antivirus.mcakey.com/antivirus-support/https://sites.google.com/pypyi.com/amazonprime/home/
lucas Email
2023-12-4 13:35
Users must have a unique Ethereum address called MetaMask in order to send and receive Ether and ERC-20 tokens. The 12-word seed phrase is essential for wallet recovery. MetaMask lets users manage networks, adjust settings, and engage with decentralized apps. Private keys are kept safe and are used to sign transactions and provide access to funds. Transaction histories and Ether (ETH) and ERC-20 token balances are shown. MetaMask Chrome Extension|Metamask Wallet | Metamask Login
fgvfgv Email Homepage
2023-12-4 16:48
Vanguard Login offers a range of investment products and services. By logging into your Vanguard account, you can view your portfolio holdings, track the performance of your investments, make trades, contribute to your accounts, and access important account documents and statements.Vanguard Login is a secure online platform that allows you to access and manage your Vanguard investment accounts. As one of the world's largest investment management companies. The login process typically requires your username or account number, along with a password or PIN for authentication.vanguard 401k login offers a wide selection of mutual funds and ETFs to choose from, and consolidating your assets at Vanguard can make it easier to focus on your investments . You can also check out their online learning center for quick-hit, easy-to-understand education and tools that will help you stay on top of your financial game.
pinkiyr87 Email
2023-12-5 22:09
When you hear of Hyderabad, I bet it is the biriyani that comes to you mind at first. But we are here to introduce you to something more interesting. Are you a confident man who needs to have that perfect lady beside you? Then you have come to the very right place. As we are the foremost provider of amazing Hyderabad call girls for confident men like you. Our beauties are classy, and attractive and can complement you for any form of outing.website : <a href="https://www.pinkcuty.com/">escorts services in Hyderabad</a>
phonpegirl Email
2023-12-5 22:58
https://www.mahimegh.comhttps://www.jennygupta.comhttps://phonpegirl.inhttps://locannto.comhttps://dipikapor.comhttps://kmaliapartygirl.inhttps://globaladpost.comhttps://www.kolkatavipgirls.inhttps://www.krantishema.com
mar710
2023-12-6 13:23
Discovering the best elderberry immune gummies involves a thoughtful selection process, emphasizing reputable sources, ingredient transparency, and seamless integration into your holistic wellness routine. With careful consideration and consultation with healthcare professionals, you can enjoy the potential immune-boosting benefits of elderberries in a delicious and convenient gummy form.https://www.amazon.com/Viva-Naturals-Organic-Elderberry-Gummy/dp/B08LMYQHWR
分页: 408/433 第一页 上页 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]