[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(863047)
Robert Email
2023-12-18 18:03
Choose "Connect Wallet" and select your wallet provider (MetaMask). Follow the instructions to confirm the connection, and the platform will be able to use your wallet for all transactions and interactions in the ecosystem.Yoroi Wallet is an ADA (Cardano) cryptocurrency wallet that provides a secure and easy-to-use interface for managing your Cardano assets. It was created by the company EMURGO and is available as a browser extension as well as a mobile app. With Yoroi, you can easily access your Cardano funds without worrying about privacy or security.MetaMask Extension (MetaMask) is one of the most popular cryptocurrency wallets and browser extensions. It allows you to use MetaMask to interact with DApps (decentralized applications) on the ethereum blockchain.MetaMask Chrome extension makes it easy to transact on the blockchain and makes DeFi services more accessible.
vsdvv Email
2023-12-19 17:47
Your trading journey starts with how to buy your first cryptocurrency and progresses to advanced trading strategies.Coinbase help | cointree login |
Bitbuy login Email
2023-12-20 14:47
Bitbuy has emerged with a mission of providing Canadians with a secure, simple, and dependable platform on which they can rely and perform their crypto trade activities conveniently. Bitbuy login
Coinmarketcap Exchange Email Homepage
2023-12-20 18:08
CoinMarketCap is a top cryptocurrency data platform, providing real-time prices, market stats, and comprehensive information on various cryptocurrencies for investors and traders.Coinmarketcap ExchangeCoinMarketCap App DownloadCoinMarketCap
pheehu Email
2023-12-23 23:56
+919681199245+918967686952https://www.kolkataescortsgirl.comhttps://www.shruthikapoor.comhttps://pheehu.com/https://bipasharoy.com/http://hotladki.com
mar710
2023-12-26 11:28
Finding the best chia seeds  online involves a combination of careful research, reading customer reviews, and understanding the policies of the online retailer. By prioritizing certifications, checking for transparent sourcing information, and adopting safe payment practices, you can navigate the online marketplace with confidence. Online shopping for chia seeds offers a world of possibilities, allowing you to access premium products and explore diverse options that cater to your nutritional preferences. Always be mindful of freshness, and incorporate these tiny nutritional powerhouses into your diet to enjoy their myriad health benefits.https://www.amazon.com/Chia-seeds-Organic-Protein-puddings/dp/B00OZYNGUS
Cancer de la prostate Email
2023-12-27 21:01
Le cancer de la prostate est une forme de cancer qui se développe dans la prostate, une petite glande en forme de noix située sous la vessie chez les hommes. https://www.edhacare.com/fr/treatments/cancer/prostate
Cancer de la prostate Email
2023-12-27 21:02
Le cancer de la prostate est une forme de cancer qui se développe dans la prostate, une petite glande en forme de noix située sous la vessie chez les hommes.https://www.edhacare.com/fr/treatments/cancer/prostate
Cash App Login Email
2023-12-28 12:11
Cash App Login distinguishes itself through its simplicity, accessibility, and versatile features, making it stand out in the realm of digital finance. The streamlined user interface facilitates easy transactions and account management.  The unique Cashtag system simplifies sending and receiving money. Additionally, Cash App's integration of a debit card, Bitcoin transactions, and stock investments provides users with diverse financial options. With a focus on user-friendly design and innovative functionalities, Cash App Login surpasses others by offering a comprehensive, secure, and user-centric approach to digital banking.
fg Email Homepage
2023-12-28 16:50
LOBSTR Wallet stands out as an intuitive cryptocurrency wallet crafted exclusively for the Stellar blockchain. Seamlessly manage your digital assets.Lobstr Login  is your secure gateway to seamless management of Stellar-based assets. With a focus on user-friendly authentication, it streamlines access to your digital holdings.
GH Email Homepage
2023-12-28 18:47
LOBSTR Wallet stands out as an intuitive cryptocurrency wallet crafted exclusively for the Stellar blockchain. Seamlessly manage your digital assets.Lobstr Login  is your secure gateway to seamless management of Stellar-based assets. With a focus on user-friendly authentication, it streamlines access to your digital holdings.
Ledger.com/start Email
2023-12-29 12:46
Ledger.com/start, touch on the downloaded file to start it on your smartphone by following the on-screen prompts. The steps may differ depending on the device. After logging onto Ledger Live Wallet, you can now start setting it up so that it is prepared to manage stored cryptocurrency holdings.
gann Email
2023-12-29 17:38
Users of Trezor may lose access to their wallets if their device has been stolen or broken. Whenever you realize that you have lost access to your Trezor account and funds, you need to find out ways to fix this issue. https://sites.google.com/view/trezor-suite/homehttps://sites.google.com/view/suite-trezor/homehttps://sites.google.com/c...
matkaplaymobi Email
2024-1-4 10:52
码Thank you very much for this unique information. I am really thankful to you for this concept. Highly recommend to read this post. Online Matka Play
jacmaa Email
2024-1-4 13:35
Trezor.io/start is one of the best hardware wallets that offers standard security features to its users. If you are also one of those who are looking for a way to log in to your Trezor wallet but are facing a problem, follow the steps mentioned below
daisylee Email Homepage
2024-1-4 15:28
lobstr wallet login is a user-friendly and secure digital wallet designed specifically for managing cryptocurrencies, particularly the Stellar (XLM) cryptocurrency,it provides a reliable platform for individuals to securely store and manage their digital assets.vvs finance is a dynamic financial services company that specializes in providing a wide range of comprehensive financial solutions to individuals and businesses,By leveraging innovative technologies and staying abreast of market trends.
daisylee Email Homepage
2024-1-4 15:29
lobstr wallet login is a user-friendly and secure digital wallet designed specifically for managing cryptocurrencies, particularly the Stellar (XLM) cryptocurrency,it provides a reliable platform for individuals to securely store and manage their digital assets.vvs finance is a dynamic financial services company that specializes in providing a wide range of comprehensive financial solutions to individuals and businesses,By leveraging innovative technologies and staying abreast of market trends.
martinandrew368 Email Homepage
2024-1-5 14:01
While fildena 150 mg is generally well-tolerated, like any medication, it may cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include headache, flushing, dizziness, nasal congestion, and changes in vision. Serious side effects are rare but may include priapism (prolonged and painful erection) and sudden vision loss. If any adverse effects occur, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly.
Dino35 Email
2024-1-5 17:48
Email marketing tools are software solutions crafted to simplify and enhance email marketing campaigns, an essential component of modern marketing strategies. These tools serve as invaluable assets for businesses, facilitating efficient connections with their audience, nurturing leads, and boosting conversionshttps://mishtibies.com/email-marketing-tools/
分页: 410/438 第一页 上页 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]