[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8792) | 引用(0) | 阅读(894757)
해피툰 Email Homepage
2025-1-7 12:03
HappyToon 해피툰 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">해피툰</a>
웹툰사이트 Email Homepage
2025-1-7 12:03
HappyToon 웹툰사이트 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">웹툰사이트</a>
무료웹툰사이트 Email Homepage
2025-1-7 12:03
HappyToon 무료웹툰사이트 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">무료웹툰사이트</a>
crunch berries Email Homepage
2025-1-7 15:36
https://cannabismo.org/product/crunch-berries/Simple but very precise info. Keep up the good work!
luxuryatless Email Homepage
2025-1-9 20:59
Thank you for this blog this article really help full for me.Luxury at Less
what 420 friendly means Email Homepage
2025-1-12 17:07
<a href =”https://herbapproach.com/product-category/flowers/what-420-friendly-means/”>what 420 friendly means</a>Thanks, you have made a wonderful post. I love and appreciate your commitment.
Paypal Login Email Homepage
2025-1-12 21:18
PayPal is one of the many payment processing platforms that allow individuals and businesses to and fro of money. This platform is a one-stop destination for those users who are looking to receive payments from their buyers as well as those who want to make payments for their shopping.
oyobiryani Email Homepage
2025-1-13 19:25
nice this is great post
Stdyhub Email Homepage
2025-1-14 13:59
MBBS admission in Russia is a popular choice for international students due to the country's high-quality medical education, affordable tuition fees, and recognition of degrees worldwide. MBBS admission in Russia requires a high school diploma with science subjects, typically no entrance exam, and an age of 17+ years. Many universities offer MBBS in English. The admission process involves selecting a recognized university, completing an application, and providing necessary documents like transcripts and medical certificates.https://www.stdyhub.com/mbbs-in-russia
microsoft office 2021 professional Email Homepage
2025-1-16 22:35
Welcome to CyberBliss, your best companion in digital security and software authenticity. We strive hard to offer you low-cost antivirus solutions and authentic Windows activation keys to make sure your device is secure, and your software is valid. Our mission is to deliver high-level security with seamless software activation without costing a fortune. Visit - https://cyberbliss.in/product/1058/microsoft-office-2021-professional-plus-telephonic-activation\
Flora Email Homepage
2025-1-18 13:06
Reviews-Master.com offers comprehensive health tips, delicious recipes, and motivational content aimed at improving overall wellness. Our website provides expert reviews and advice to help you lead a healthier lifestyle. Visit us for the latest in health trends and product recommendations.<a href="https://reviews-master.com/">Reviews Master</a>
weed chocolate Email Homepage
2025-1-19 05:14
https://herbapproach.com/product-category/cannabis-flower/weed-chocolate/I found this blog site it’s very informative and helpful.
berry haze Email Homepage
2025-1-21 06:07
<a href =”https://herbapproach.com/product-category/berry-haze/”>berry haze</a>I found this blog site it’s very informative and helpful.
tgawer Email Homepage
2025-1-22 02:58
For more information on how to download and use the Chinese version of Telegram, please visit our external blog link:Telegram下載
tggwe Email Homepage
2025-1-22 02:59
Go to the official Telegram website, choose the appropriate operating system (such as Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, etc.), and download the application: Telegram中文版
tggaw Email Homepage
2025-1-22 03:00
Do you want to know more about the Chinese version of Telegram download, settings and advanced features? For more detailed instructions and helpful advice, please click here to view our external blog link:Telegram电脑版下载
raveenasing05 Email Homepage
2025-1-22 12:20
Do you want to take sexual pleasure from a beautiful girl? Then, without waiting any longer, hire an escort from our Manali Escorts girls agency. We have lovely and sexy girls who are ready to offer a wide range of sexual and companionship services. Whenever you want to have fun with the girl or feel horny, you can contact us to enjoy the night filled with romance. For more info visit here:- https://escortmanali.com/Manali Escor
raveenasing05 Email Homepage
2025-1-22 12:21
If you want to have unlimited pleasure, then book sexy escort girls in Manali. The girls are an excellent choice for people who want a partner to accompany them to parties and to avoid stress in traditional relationships. The girls working for an agency offer a wide range of sexual services to fulfil your sexual desires at the best price. Visit here for more information: - https://manaliescort.in/Manali escorts service
teddy weed Email Homepage
2025-1-24 09:11
https://cannabismo.org/product/gone-green-medi-teddy/Thanks for sharing this important info from your website.
分页: 439/440 第一页 上页 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]