[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8366) | 引用(0) | 阅读(698198)
WILLIAM Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:12
TomTom Home is the official update tool for TomTom.com, that includes several helpful things like the flexibility to simply install new maps and services, restore and backup your TomTom, receive free traffic alerts, and even use services that ordinarily need a wireless information association
SMITH Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:14
Norton is a well-known name in the market of security applications and it is powered by Symantec. It has made its name for PC security against the cyber threats. Also, many big businesses use their label to ensure their customer that the business is safe against any external threat
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:43
Download and Install Mcafee activation on your system
Marc Email
2019-5-7 15:31
Great information you shared through this blog. Keep it up and best of luck for your future blogs and posts.Norton.com/setup | Office.com/setup
Hathaway leather jacket Email Homepage
2019-5-7 16:20
I don’t even understand how I stopped up here, but I assumed this put upwas once good. I don’t recognize who you’re howeverdefinitely you are going to a famous blogger when you aren’t already.Hathaway leather jacketHathaway leather jacket
Marc Email
2019-5-7 16:24
Great information you shared through this blog. Keep it up and best of luck for your future blogs and posts.Norton.com/setup | Office.com/setup
alexandra Email Homepage
2019-5-7 16:41
Avast Antivirus subscriber, you regularly get new and improved features that help you be more productive. Avast Customer Supporthttp://www.avast-customersupport.com/Blog/
jackwillaim Homepage
2019-5-7 17:51
I'm really impressed about the info you provide in your articles. I must say am highly overwhelmed by your whole story. It’s not easy to get such quality information online nowadays. I look forward to staying here for a long time.Best Regards -  www.office.com/setup
Kristy Email Homepage
2019-5-7 18:19
Looking great work dear, I really appreciated to you on this quality work. Nice post!! these tips may help me in the future. Accounting Assignment Help Australia
Office.com/Setup Email Homepage
2019-5-8 14:44
This is really informative article. Keep sharing amazing content. https://setupkeyinstall.com/
Office.com/Setup Email Homepage
2019-5-8 14:51
This is really informative article. I appreciate the in-depth knowledge I needed. Thanks. If you want to install Microsoft office then go with Office.com/Setuphttps://setupkeyinstall.com/
johan Email Homepage
2019-5-8 17:35
Trend Micro is a multinational defense and cybersecurity company with global headquarters in Japan, Tokyo, and Shibuya.Trend Micro develops software for enterprise security for servers as well as for cloud computing environment, consumers, endpoints, networks, and for businesses that are small and medium.
TOJMTOM Email Homepage
2019-5-8 17:40
TomTom Home is the official update tool for TomTom.com, that includes several helpful things like the flexibility to simply install new maps and services, restore and backup your TomTom, receive free traffic alerts, and even use services that ordinarily need a wireless information association
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-8 19:10
McAfee, Inc. is an American global computer security software company that protects your PC, laptop and smart-devices from the virus, malware, spam, and spyware. McAfee has different products for every unique demand of the customer.McafeeMcafee
assignment help Email Homepage
2019-5-8 20:00
Top Quality Online Assignment Help ServicesNeed Assignment Help?GotoAssignmentHelp Services is one such Australian assignment help provider which provides a helping hand to all your academic related queries. Like online assignment help australia and  matlab assignment help They have a lot of professional experts who are skillful in giving you guidance and providing you with cheap cheep assignment help services. You are free to contact their experts by visiting their website and get your pending presentations completed on the time. Given below are some of the steps that they follow while drafting your assignments. Many students see that experts are proficient in writing your assignments but no one wonders the reason behind it. However, students pursuing IT need to understand the concepts of Java because it holds down the concept of object oriented programming.
norton Email Homepage
2019-5-8 20:03
Symantec’s vast arsenal of cybersecurity and identity theft protection expertise to be an ally in the fight to help consumers manage their online privacy. Regards:- office.com/setup | mcafee.com/activate | norton.com/setup
flicity Email Homepage
2019-5-8 20:40
GotoDissertationHelp- No1 Online Dissertation Writing Service UK.We offer the best Dissertation help and academic writing service in AUS, UK & USA. Hire native experts now & get FLAT 20% OFF on your first order.Writing academic documents is a task most students prefer to leave up to the subject matter experts. This is because most of them are complex and comprehensive, the research for which consumes a large portion of their valuable time. During higher studies in colleges, students often have to prepare multiple documents, quizzes and surprise tests. This is the main reason why most students search for dissertation proofreading services over the internet and choose only the most proficient and trusted academic writing experts. The increasing importance of writing Dissertations has prompted students to take a helping hand from nursing dissertation help During higher studies in colleges, students often have to prepare multiple documents, quizzes and surprise tests. This is the main reason why most students search for Dissertation help UK over the internet and choose only the most proficient and trusted academic writing experts.An Dissertation of IT is a scope to dig out new information and uncover the facts which could be a parallel study along with implanting it by creating new area of IT application. He starts disliking his school or college. Therefore, it is advisable for students to seek professional law Dissertation helps. Experience the best finance dissertation help services at UK Dissertation Help with its quality my Dissertation helper well qualified from major universities. Get Online Dissertation Helper Service by Professional Writers.
flicity Email Homepage
2019-5-8 20:48
We offer the best dissertation help and academic writing service in AUS, UK & USA. Hire native experts now & get FLAT 20% OFF on your first order.Writing academic documents is a task most students prefer to leave up to the subject matter experts. This is because most of them are complex and comprehensive, the research for which consumes a large portion of their valuable time. During higher studies in colleges, students often have to prepare multiple documents, quizzes and surprise tests. This is the main reason why most students search for Dissertation help and dissertation proofreading services over the internet and choose only the most proficient and trusted academic writing experts. The increasing importance of writing Dissertations has prompted students to take a helping hand from nursing dissertation help During higher studies in colleges, students often have to prepare multiple documents, quizzes and surprise tests. This is the main reason why most students search for Dissertation help UK over the internet and choose only the most proficient and trusted academic writing experts.An Dissertation of IT is a scope to dig out new information and uncover the facts which could be a parallel study along with implanting it by creating new area of IT application. He starts disliking his school or college. Therefore, it is advisable for students to seek professional law Dissertation helps. Experience the best finance dissertation help services at UK Dissertation Help with its quality my Dissertation helper well qualified from major universities. Get Online Dissertation Helper Service by Professional Writers.
flicity Email Homepage
2019-5-8 20:48
We offer the best dissertation help and academic writing service in AUS, UK & USA. Hire native experts now & get FLAT 20% OFF on your first order.Writing academic documents is a task most students prefer to leave up to the subject matter experts. This is because most of them are complex and comprehensive, the research for which consumes a large portion of their valuable time. During higher studies in colleges, students often have to prepare multiple documents, quizzes and surprise tests. This is the main reason why most students search for Dissertation help and dissertation proofreading services over the internet and choose only the most proficient and trusted academic writing experts. The increasing importance of writing Dissertations has prompted students to take a helping hand from nursing dissertation help During higher studies in colleges, students often have to prepare multiple documents, quizzes and surprise tests. This is the main reason why most students search for Dissertation help UK over the internet and choose only the most proficient and trusted academic writing experts.An Dissertation of IT is a scope to dig out new information and uncover the facts which could be a parallel study along with implanting it by creating new area of IT application. He starts disliking his school or college. Therefore, it is advisable for students to seek professional law Dissertation helps. Experience the best finance dissertation help services at UK Dissertation Help with its quality my Dissertation helper well qualified from major universities. Get Online Dissertation Helper Service by Professional Writers.
Billy Mark Email
2019-5-9 12:07
mcafee.com/activate |   mcafee.com/activate  office.com/setup  norton.com/setup/   norton.com/setup  norton.com/setup
分页: 44/419 第一页 上页 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]