[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(842112)
kaylee Email Homepage
2019-5-9 13:56
I genuinely enjoy reading your articles. Your web page provided us useful information. You have done an outstanding job.mcafee.com/activate
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:07
With the development of the digital world, online protection is crucial. It is extremely important to protect your PCs, Mac, computers as well as mobile devices and tablets with webroot com safe. This can be done with the help of effective internet security and anti-virus products from www.webroot.com/safe that safeguards all devices used on digital platforms. https://www.safe-webroot.com/
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:17
With the development of the digital world, online protection is crucial. It is extremely important to protect your PCs, Mac, computers as well as mobile devices and tablets with webroot com safe. This can be done with the help of effective internet security and anti-virus products from www webroot com safe that safeguards all devices used on digital platforms. wsainstall exe
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:19
install webroot secureanywhere with key codeWebroot is a private American company that provides comprehensive internet security solutions for consumers as well as businesses with various products. These services are available for home based computers, small offices as well as large business enterprises by preventing potential dangers in real time whenever they connect in the digital space for both personal and professional purposes.install webroot secureanywhere with key code
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:21
avg my accountWelcome to avg my account Protect your data, devices, and your family With the development of the digital world, online protection is crucial. It is extremely important to protect your PCs, Mac, computers as well as mobile devices and tablets with avg my account. This can be done with the help of effective internet security and anti-virus products from avg my account that safeguards all devices used on digital platforms.avg my account
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:23
www.avg.com/retailwww avg com retail | HOW TO GET AVG  ACTIVATION CODEYour AVG License Number has been emailed to you as you place your order at the AVG online shop.If you have AVG Retail already installed and wish to view your license key to make a backup copy of it, you can retrieve your AVG Retail or AVG license number by following these steps:Run AVG version 8.5Double-click the License iconYour AVG license number is listed in the License Component window. You can copy it to the clipboard by right-clicking it and selecting Copy license number.Store your AVG license number in a text file at a safe location.www.avg.com/retail
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:28
www.avg.com/registrationWelcome to www avg com registration Protect your data, devices, and your family With the development of the digital world, online protection is crucial. It is extremely important to protect your PCs, Mac, computers as well as mobile devices and tablets with www avg com registration. This can be done with the help of effective internet security and anti-virus products from www avg com registration that safeguards all devices used on digital platforms.www.avg.com/registration
joseph Email Homepage
2019-5-9 14:31
www.avg.com/retailWelcome to www avg com activation Protect your data, devices, and your family With the development of the digital world, online protection is crucial. It is extremely important to protect your PCs, Mac, computers as well as mobile devices and tablets with www avg com activation. This can be done with the help of effective internet security and anti-virus products from www avg com activation that safeguards all devices used on digital platforms.www.avg.com/retail
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-5-9 18:20
bt mail Email Homepage
2019-5-9 19:19
BT Mail is your optional free email service which is included with BT Broadband. When you enroll for BT Broadband we will ask if you would prefer a BT email address to use. If you opt for this option you are going to discover an email address that ends.http://btmaillogin.co.uk/
gisellehop Email Homepage
2019-5-10 13:44
The whole procedure to Download Avast Antivirus online, We not only fix your Avast setup related issues.Avast Customer Supporthttp://www.avast-customersupport.com
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-10 14:29
McAfee for any kind of technical help and Office Setup.mcafee.com/activate.
PaulTroy Email Homepage
2019-5-10 14:37
mcafee.com/activate - McAfee is an antivirus which is available worldwide for devices like Computer, Laptop or Smartphones, and McAfee is one of the best 10 Antivirus according to all reviews in the last 10 years. McAfee Security is used to secure the devices from Trojans, Attacks, Malware or any other activities which may harm the devices or network.
williamslauraine Email Homepage
2019-5-10 15:10
Thanks for sharing such great information with us. If you are Looking for the easy steps to download www.webroot.com/safe antivirus? Find them all here and protect your device by activating this antivirus.
chauchan Email Homepage
2019-5-10 18:45
great site
chauchan Email Homepage
2019-5-10 18:45
wonderfull site
jimmyjhonson Email Homepage
2019-5-10 19:21
this is a fabulous article it helps me a lot .thanks for sharing such a useful articlewww.norton.com/setup
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-11 12:41
norton.com/setup - It is a hassle-free process to download and install the Norton setup. You can install the setup through norton com setup. People nowadays may have different security concerns and hence norton setup provides you with a diverse range of security plans.www.norton.com/setupnorton.com/setup
williamslauraine Email Homepage
2019-5-11 13:44
Thanks for sharing such great information with us.avast customer service | www.webroot.com/safe | webroot geek squad | brother printer support
js4738280 Email Homepage
2019-5-11 17:24
Norton.com/setup  Enter your product key online. Manage your security across multiple devices, Norton Setup Antivirus is a form of application that the user downloads using the aim to protect their apparatus in their machine. Norton threats
分页: 45/436 第一页 上页 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]