[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:

2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:


我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh


potluck edibles


2025-5-19 11:47
potluck edibles You’re so smart in creating this article. Incredible!
pre 98 bubba kush


2025-5-19 11:48
pre 98 bubba kush You always have the best input with you blog. Keep it up!
romulan weed


2025-5-19 11:49
romulan weed This article is so innovative! Kudos to you!
shatter edibles


2025-5-19 11:49
shatter edibles Your standards make your article better. Congrats!
thc capsules 100mg cana


2025-5-19 11:50
thc capsules 100mg canada This is insanely good blog. Fantastic!
Nayeedisha


2025-5-19 19:28
Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education (KazMUCE) requires 50% in 10+2 (PCB) and NEET qualification. Annual MBBS tuition is approximately USD 3,500; hostel fees are around USD 590 per year.https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/kazakh-medical-university-of-continuing-education
Nayeedisha


2025-5-19 20:05
Kazakh Russian Medical University (KRMU), located in Almaty, Kazakhstan, offers a 5.8-year MBBS program, including internship. For 2025, annual tuition is approximately USD 4,000, with hostel fees around USD 700. Eligibility requires 50% in 10+2 (PCB) and NEET qualification. The university is ranked 75th nationally and 12,074th globally. Recognized by NMC and WHO, KRMU provides English-medium instruction, making it a preferred choice for international medical aspirants. https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/kazakh-russian-medical-university
residential proeprty for sale in dwarka

2025-5-20 01:39
https://wakelet.com/wake/trzkHMZdretS6titM3qm5">Residential property for sale in dwarka</a>" target="_blank">Residential proeprty for sale in dwarka
residential proeprty for sale in dwarka


2025-5-20 01:40
Residential proeprty for sale in dwarka in best prise
british airways
2025-5-20 14:21
https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1https://british-airways1.odoo.com/blog/british-airways-customer-support-3/british-airways-customer-service-guide-help-with-flights-bookings-more-1
Nayeedisha


2025-5-20 17:20
Pursuing MBBS from Kazakhstan offers Indian students several benefits. During the course, they enjoy affordable tuition fees, English-medium instruction, and hands-on clinical exposure in modern hospitals. The universities are NMC and WHO-recognized, ensuring global recognition. Post-graduation, students can appear for licensing exams like FMGE or NExT in India and USMLE abroad. The low cost of living, safe environment, and multicultural exposure make Kazakhstan an ideal destination for Indian students aiming for a successful medical career.https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/benefits-during-after-completing-mbbs-from-kazakhstan
Nayeedisha


2025-5-20 17:49
The annual tuition fee for the MBBS program at Semey State Medical University in 2025 is approximately $3,800, equating to around INR 3,26,800. This cost-effective fee structure makes it an attractive option for international students seeking quality medical education in Kazakhstan. https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/tuition-fee-for-semey-state-medical-university
realdick


2025-5-21 10:02
Explore the RealDick UK's collection of silicone dildos, meticulously crafted to provide users with a variety of options tailored to diverse preferences. This range emphasizes quality, functionality, and versatility to cater to individual needs.https://www.realdick.co.uk/collections/silicone-dildohttps://www.realdick.co.uk/collections/silicone-dildo
mini bullet vibrator


2025-5-21 10:21
De bullet vibrator-collectie van Lovetoyshub.nl biedt een selectie van compacte en krachtige vibrators, ontworpen voor gerichte stimulatie. https://www.lovetoyshub.nl/collections/bullet-vibrator
Nayeedisha


2025-5-21 17:25
Karaganda State Medical University is well known as a premier destination for MBBS education, catering affordable and comprehensive education. Karaganda State Medical University ensures that every students get better education and more comfortable living experience than other nations. Karaganda State Medical University has skilled and experienced faculty members who make this university top choice for international students. Karaganda State Medical University provides a solid base to students for their successful career in medicine.https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/detailed-information-about-karaganda-state-medical-university
Herbapproach


2025-5-21 20:18
https://herbapproach.com/Great article! Thanks for sharing this valuable information.
300 mg edibles


2025-5-21 21:08
<a href =”https://herbapproach.com/product-category/cannabis-flower/300-mg-edibles/”>300 mg edibles</a>Very informative blog, highly recommended
Roney


2025-5-22 13:49
Great insights shared in this post! I truly appreciate how you've highlighted practical solutions for maintaining structural integrity—something that resonates deeply with the work we do. At Wet2Dry Solutions Pvt Ltd, we specialize in waterproofing service across India, helping homeowners and businesses protect their properties from water damage. If anyone's looking for reliable, long-term waterproofing solutions, feel free to check us out!https://wet2drysolution.com
Nayeedisha


2025-5-27 18:08
Yes, Karaganda State Medical University is a valuable resource for Indian students pursuing a medical degree. It is accredited by the National College of Medicine (NMC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), offers affordable tuition fees, and awards internationally recognized degrees. The university has modern infrastructure, English language curriculum and experienced faculty, ensuring high quality medical education. With its low cost of living, complete dining facilities and a strong student body, it is a preferred destination for aspiring doctors in India.https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/is-karaganda-state-medical-university-valuable-for-indian-students-to-study-medicine
Nayeedisha


2025-5-27 19:17
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University ranks 163rd globally in QS World University Rankings 2025. The MBBS program costs approximately $4,200 annually, with hostel fees around $700 per year. Eligibility requires a minimum of 50% in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology in 10+2, NEET qualification, and the applicant must be at least 17 years old by December 31 of the admission year. The medium of instruction is English, and no IELTS/TOEFL is required.https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/ranking-fees-and-eligibility-for-al-farabi-kazakh-national-university
分页: 452/455
447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455



