[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
vicynorton.com/setup009
2019-5-23 13:36
You will need your Norton Account to install Norton Product on your device. norton.com/setup
office.com/setup
2019-5-23 15:18
Microsoft Office Setup is the full package of Microsoft limitation programming which joins a mix of employments, affiliations, and host like Excel, PowerPoint, Word, OneNote, Publisher and Access. Close by the working frameworks, these jobs are Microsoft's key things that are everything seen as utilized programming on Earth. Microsoft Office Setup bundles all the very best programming which Microsoft moves on to the table.http://office.com-setup.uk/office.com/setup
Cryptocurrency
2019-5-23 18:09
Our clearly defined processes for using Oodles Scaffold ensure that you don’t miss any critical deadlines. It enables us to provide cryptocurrency exchange development services efficiently without compromising on quality. In addition, our proprietary blockchain module saves time and money.https://blockchain.oodles.io/turnkey-cryptocurrency-exchange-software/
officecomsetupeu
2019-5-23 18:18
Microsoft Office suite is one of the best software developed by the company. You do not require any technical knowledge to download or install the product due to its user-friendly interface.
ERP Oodles
2019-5-23 18:35
Choose Hubspot ERP integration solutions and take your inbound marketing to the next level. Our team of skilled ERP developers offers HubSpot API integrations, HubSpot QuickBooks integrations, HubSpot CRM integrations, HubSpot SAP integrations, and Marketing automation integration services.<a href="https://erpsolutions.oodles.io/hubspot-erp-integration-solutions/">Hubspot ERP Integration Solutions</a>
Rose
2019-5-23 19:18
In case any message saying ‘Stop’ pops up while installing Microsoft Office 365 due to a compatibility issue, contact our live chat support.http://www.office.com/setup
williamslauraine
2019-5-24 12:59
It’s very informative and you are obviously very knowledgeable in this area. You have opened my eyes to varying views on this topic with interesting and solid content. Avast customer service
williamslauraine
2019-5-24 13:02
It’s very informative and you are obviously very knowledgeable in this area. You have opened my eyes to varying views on this topic with interesting and solid content. Avast customer service
james
2019-5-24 13:04
Check Out Now<a href="http://www.nortoncomsetup.online/">Norton.com/setup</a><a href="http://www.nortoncomsetup.online/">Norton.com/setup Activate</a><a href="http://www.nortoncomsetup.online/">Norton.com/setup Download</a>Call Toll Free :- (+1-888-287-3056)Norton.comsetupNorton.com/setupNorton.com/setup Activate
JAMES
2019-5-24 13:22
Check Out Now<a href="http://www.nortoncomsetup.online/">Norton.com/setup</a><a href="http://www.nortoncomsetup.online/">Norton.com/setup Activate</a><a href="http://www.nortoncomsetup.online/">Norton.com/setup Download</a>Call Toll Free :- (+1-888-287-3056)Norton.comsetupNorton.com/setupNorton.com/setup Activate
jack jons
2019-5-24 14:04
Thank you for posting such a great article! I found your website perfect for my needs. It contains wonderful and helpful posts. Keep up the good work!. Thank you for this wonderful Article! microsoft outlook support
Garmin express
2019-5-24 17:05
garmin.com/express - Garmin categorical may be a product that permits you to update and deals along with your Garmin gadgets. you'll update, edit, register your Garmin gadgets even as match up the knowledge with Garmin interface.Garmin.com/express
officecomsetup
2019-5-24 18:13
Microsoft Office suite is one of the best software developed by the company. You do not require any technical knowledge to download or install the product due to its user-friendly interface.
pk
2019-5-24 19:45
Lightning-fast, highly-rated home cyber security. Discover how our award-winning products protect against the latest web threats and provide home ransomware protection.http://trendmicro-login.xyz Roku.com/link is the activation page to enter your Roku link code and linking your Roku streaming device. Contact us for any help.http://rokucom-link.xyzNorton.com/setup - Download Setup, Redeem Product Key and Install Norton on your computer from www.norton.com/setup with Norton Account. http://nortoncomsetup.xyz
mcafee dell activation
2019-5-25 16:50
Activate mcafee on your dell business computer and secure it against cyber threats available online.<a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/">www.mcafee.com/dellactivation </a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell/">mcafee dell</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-activation/">mcafee dell activation</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-download/">mcafee dell download</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-login/">mcafee dell login</a><a href="https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell-support/">mcafee dell support</a>https://mcafeedellactivation.com/https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-dell/https://mcafeedellactivation.com/mcafee-de...https://mcafeedellactivation.com/
sasasa
2019-5-25 18:08
Have help ready at your fingertips at all times and use all the necessary precautions to keep yourself and your money safe. prostytutki
office.com/setup
2019-5-27 17:02
Microsoft Office Setup is the full package of Microsoft limitation programming which joins a mix of employments, affiliations, and host like Excel, PowerPoint, Word, OneNote, Publisher and Access. Close by the working frameworks, these jobs are Microsoft's key things that are everything seen as utilized programming on Earth. Microsoft Office Setup bundles all the very best programming which Microsoft moves on to the table.
mcafee.com/activate
2019-5-27 19:12
You did an amazing job. I really enjoyed reading this blog. I like and appreciate your work. Thank you for Sharing such an amazing article.
Blockchain Development Services
2019-5-27 19:47
Oodles blockchain development services strengthen critical network and hardware requirements to achieve a significant reduction in attack vulnerability. We fix data tampering issues by developing robust blockchain solutions
Blockchain Development Services
2019-5-27 19:51
Oodles blockchain development services strengthen critical network and hardware requirements to achieve a significant reduction in attack vulnerability. We fix data tampering issues by developing robust blockchain solutions.https://blockchain.oodles.io/services/
分页: 51/436 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55