[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8743) | 引用(0) | 阅读(863308)
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-3 14:01
office.com/setup, Office Setup with product key Visit www.office.com/setup and follow the on-screen instructions for Office 2019, Office 365, Step by Step.
Activate AVG Antivirus Email Homepage
2019-6-3 14:34
Activate avg on your mac and pc.When you activate avg antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats and spywares. Below mentioned are the services provided by avg activationhttps://activationavg.com/https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-code/https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-page/https://activationavg.com/avg-retail-activation/https://activationavg.com/avg-ultimate-activation/<a href="https://activationavg.com/">activation.avg.com</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-code/">avg activation code</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-page/">avg activation page</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-retail-activation/">avg retail activation</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-ultimate-activation/">avg ultimate activation</a>http://activationavg.com/
Office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-3 14:48
Hi, the post which you have provided is fantastic, I really enjoyed reading your post, and hope to read more. thank you so much for sharing this informative blog.Office.com/setupOffice.com/setup
wazifapower Email Homepage
2019-6-3 16:54
Istikhara Online UK London Centre wazifa for depression. wazifa for job success, [url=https://wazifa.co/wazifa-for-love-marriage/]Wazifa for love marriage[/url],  wazifa for driving test, 100% privacy Call me Today i'm living India. Rohani Ilaj and wazifa for all problems, London Centre The best Email service 100% privacy.
Install Kaspersky with activation code Email Homepage
2019-6-3 18:24
Install Kaspersky with activation code https://kaspersky-activate.cominstall kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2016 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.https://kaspersky-activate.com<a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">Install Kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security/">activate kaspersky internet security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/kaspersky-geek-squad-download-install/">kaspersky geek squad download install</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/usa-kaspersky-com-geeksquad/">usa.kaspersky.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security-for-mac/">Activate Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/reinstall-kaspersky-total-security/">reinstall kaspersky total security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">kaspersky without cd</a>
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-3 19:43
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-4 02:49
I'm looking for some good blog sites for office/setup. I was searching for search engines and found your blog site. Keep doing it .http://office-comoffiice.com/call us at   +1-888-421-9666[tool free] http://office-comoffiice.com/
Manage and Secure PC Email Homepage
2019-6-4 13:14
Krypton is a self-professed security expert; He has been making the people aware of the security threats. His passion is to write about cyber security, cryptography, malware, social engineering, internet and new media. He writes for security products likemcafee.com/activate | mcafee.com/activate | Norton.com/nu16
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-4 17:23
office.com/setup, Office Setup with product key Visit www.office.com/setup and follow the on-screen instructions for Office 2019, Office 365, Step by Step.
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-4 17:27
Microsoft Office setup has a wide range of products with different features at www.office.com/Setup or office.com/setup.These versions include office setup 2016, office setup 365, office setup Home and Student and much more at office.com/setup.
Yash Email Homepage
2019-6-5 02:34
Hulu provides the simplest way to stream entertainment to your TV. On your terms. With thousands of available channels. We provide information regarding Hulu Activation Code. Go to www.hulu.com/activate , and enter the Activation Code

hulu activate
www.hulu.com/activate code
www.hulu.com/activate
Robinshri Email Homepage
2019-6-5 02:41
McAfee has comprehensive cyber security solutions. Secure your computers, endpoints, network and cloud from viruses, malware and other security threats. We provide information regarding McAfee  Activation Code. Go to Mcafee.com/activate, and create your account and then enter the Activation Code

Mcafee.com/activate
mcafee.com/activate retail card
McAfee download
JohnDavis Email Homepage
2019-6-5 02:43
Hulu provides the simplest way to stream entertainment to your TV. On your terms. With thousands of available channels. We provide information regarding Hulu Activation Code. Go to www.hulu.com/activate , and enter the Activation Code

hulu activate
www.hulu.com/activate code
www.hulu.com/activate
Rocky Email Homepage
2019-6-5 02:46
McAfee has comprehensive cyber security solutions. Secure your computers, endpoints, network and cloud from viruses, malware and other security threats. We provide information regarding McAfee  Activation Code. Go to Mcafee.com/activate, and create your account and then enter the Activation Code

McAfee download  
mcafee.com/activate retail card
Mcafee.com/activate
office setup Email Homepage
2019-6-5 13:26
You can purchase office setup setup offline or online. Upon online purchase via office.com/setup you will receive a 25-digit product key on your registered email ID. Upon offline purchase, you will receive an office retail card on the back of which this 25-digit key is mentioned. Keep this key secure with you, as you will need it later at the time of Office subscription activation or while logging in to your account.http://officecom-officecom.com
office setup Email Homepage
2019-6-5 13:28
We are Microsoft. However we are trained professionals to provide technical support for office.com/setup. We are the world\'s biggest innovation wholesaler and a main innovation deals, showcasing and logistics organization for the IT business around the world. Our people group based ethos, focused costs and nature of administration settles on Office Setup the right decision for your IT needs. http://office-office-com.comhttp://office-office-com.com
norton setup Email Homepage
2019-6-5 13:29
Get the easiest way of setup and install Norton Setup with Product Key from norton.com/setup. Norton proves to be one important aspects for all the internet users to act as a shield against the increasing number of viruses, worms, spyware, and Trojan horses.http://norton-comnortoncom.com
Install Kaspersky with activation code Email Homepage
2019-6-5 13:38
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2016 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">Install Kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security/">activate kaspersky internet security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/kaspersky-geek-squad-download-install/">kaspersky geek squad download install</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/usa-kaspersky-com-geeksquad/">usa.kaspersky.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/activate-kaspersky-internet-security-for-mac/">Activate Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/reinstall-kaspersky-total-security/">reinstall kaspersky total security</a><a href="https://kaspersky-activate.com/">kaspersky without cd</a>
Install trend micro Email Homepage
2019-6-5 13:51
<a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/">trend micro</a> antivirus is one of the top rated antivirus program available online. It safeguards a user from cyber threats such as malware, spyware and viruses that may steal confidential user information and that information later can be used by hackers for financial gains. Trend micro also optimizes computer system for performance related issues. <a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">Download trend micro with Serial number</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/">install trend micro activation code</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-on-new-computer/">Install trend micro on new computer</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/install-trend-micro-without-disk/">install trend micro without disk</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trend-micro-security-activation/">trend micro internet security activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/best-buy-trendmicro/">trendmicro.com/bestbuy</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/www-trendmicro-com-activation/">www.trendmicro.com/activation</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/trendmicro-com-max/">www.trendmicro.com/getmax</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/download-trend-micro-with-key/">trendmicro homeinstall</a><a href="https://installtrendmicro.com/">install trend micro </a>
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-5 14:36
office.com/setup, Office Setup with product key Visit www.office.com/setup and follow the on-screen instructions for Office 2019, Office 365, Step by Step.
分页: 54/438 第一页 上页 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]