[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(842256)
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-5 14:38
Microsoft Office setup has a wide range of products with different features at www.office.com/Setup or office.com/setup.These versions include office setup 2016, office setup 365, office setup Home and Student and much more at office.com/setup.
Dubai 2020 Email Homepage
2019-6-5 17:00
Nicely crafted. There is so much to learn from this piece. You are a great help and I would surely try to follow all the learning. <a href=“https://www.thedubai2020.com/dubai-government-job-vacancies/”>Dubai Jobs</a>
Gclub
2019-6-6 10:53
Thank you for making me realize this. It's great.โปรโมชั่น<a href="https://www.gclub45.com/">Gclub</a>  ของทางทีมงานตอนนี้แจกฟรีโบนัส 50% เพียงแค่คุณสมัคร <a href="https://www.gclub45.com/sclub.html">Sclub</a>  กับทางทีมงานของเราเพียงเท่านั้นร่วมมาเป็นส่วนหนึ่งกับเว็บไซต์คาสิโนออนไลน์ของเราได้เลยค่ะสมัครสล็อตออนไลน์ >>> <a href="https://www.gclub45.com/goldenslot.html">goldenslot</a> สนใจร่วมลงทุนกับเรา <a href="https://www.gclub45.com/agent-gclub.html">สมัครเอเย่น Gclub</a> คลิ๊กได้เลย
Gclub-royal1688
2019-6-6 10:55
This article is great. I like it very much. Thank you.เว็บไซต์คาสิโนออนไลน์ที่ได้คุณภาพอับดับ 1 ของประเทศเป็นเว็บไซต์การพนันออนไลน์ที่มีคนมา <a href="https://www.gclub-royal1688.com/">Gclub Royal1688</a>และยังมีหวยให้คุณได้เล่น  <a href="https://www.gclub-royal1688.com/168lottothai.html">สมัครหวยออนไลน์</a> ได้เลยสมัครสล็อตออนไลน์ได้ที่นี่ >>>  <a href="https://www.gclub-royal1688.com/goldenslot.html">Golden slot</a>ร่วมลงทุน<a href="https://www.gclub-royal1688.com/agent.html">สมัครเอเย่น Gclub</a>กับทีมงานของเราได้เลย
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 13:21
Microsoft Office suite is one of the best software developed by the company. You do not require any technical knowledge to download or install the product due to its user-friendly interface.
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 13:32
Microsoft Office setup has a wide range of products with different features at www.office.com/setup or www.office.com/setup.These versions include office setup 2016, office setup 365, office setup Home and Student and much more at office.com/setup.
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 13:33
office.com/setup, Office Setup with product key Visit www.office.com/setup and follow the on-screen instructions for Office 2019, Office 365, Step by Step.
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 15:24
Thanks for all the tips mentioned in this article! it’s always good to read things you have looking for antivirus security for your PC and any other digital devices than. Visit@: my sites :- office.com/setup | office.com/setup |
Activation kaspersky.com Email Homepage
2019-6-6 15:35
https://www-activationkaspersky.com/Activation.kaspersky.com antivirus for your mac and pc.Activation.kaspersky.com antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by activation.kaspersky.comhttps://www-activationkaspersky.com/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-kaspersky-on-second-computer/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-my-kaspersky-code/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/install-kaspersky-already-purchased/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/reinstall-kaspersky-with-activation-code/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/enter-kaspersky-activation-code/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/i-have-kaspersky-activation-code/<a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/">activation.kaspersky.com</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-kaspersky-on-second-computer/">activate kaspersky on second computer</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-my-kaspersky-code/">activate my kaspersky code</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/install-kaspersky-already-purchased/">install kaspersky already purchased</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/reinstall-kaspersky-with-activation-code/">reinstall kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/enter-kaspersky-activation-code/">enter kaspersky activation code</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/i-have-kaspersky-activation-code/">i have kaspersky activation code</a>
office setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 16:12
You can purchase office setup setup offline or online. Upon online purchase via office.com/setup you will receive a 25-digit product key on your registered email ID. Upon offline purchase, you will receive an office retail card on the back of which this 25-digit key is mentioned. Keep this key secure with you, as you will need it later at the time of Office subscription activation or while logging in to your account.http://officecom-officecom.com
office.com/Setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 16:12
Microsoft Office setup has a wide range of products with different features at www.office.com/setup or office.com/setup.These versions include office setup 2016, office setup 365, office setup Home and Student and much more at office.com/setup.
office setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 16:13
office.com/setup, Office Setup with product key Visit www.office.com/setup and follow the on-screen instructions for Office 2019, Office 365, Step by Step.
Cryptocurrency Exchange Development Services Email
2019-6-6 16:14
The array of Oodles cryptocurrency exchange application development services encompasses various exchange business area like cryptocurrency exchange solution, decentralized exchanges, and asset exchange platform. We are a leading cryptocurrency exchange development company in India. We provide cryptocurrency exchange software solutions that meet secific requirements of investors and enable them with global exchange platfrom adoption https://blockchain.oodles.io/turnkey-cryptocurrency-exchange-software/https://blockchain.oodles.io/cryptocurrency-exchange-development/
norton setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 16:18
Get the easiest way of setup and install Norton Setup with Product Key from norton.com/setup. Norton proves to be one important aspects for all the internet users to act as a shield against the increasing number of viruses, worms, spyware, and Trojan horses.http://norton-comnortoncom.com
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 17:40
Office Setup is one of the most versatile software’s around the globe. With its easy user interface and easy to setup and install, Office.com/Setup is just what you want for you PC/MAC.http://officeoffice-comoffice.com
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-6-6 17:44
In order to activate your copy of Office Setup product, you need t have a valid activation code. This code is unique and is used to ascertain the authenticity of the Office.com/Setup package.
Office.com/myaccount Email Homepage
2019-6-6 19:27
This is an excellent article. Thanks a lot for sharing.http://zyan.cc/inc/securitycode.php?rand=8073
JhonSnow Homepage
2019-6-6 19:28
Norton products are easy to set up and activate to your computer. Once you have downloaded and installed it to your computer, half of the job is done. Now you only need to click on the installed product, and by entering your product key that you can redeem at the time of purchase, the job will be done. To activate the Norton.com/setup, you need to open it again and enter the product key and click to activate it. In case if you face any problem, you can take the assistance of experts by contacting at Norton customer support number where you will be getting the easiest and prominent solutions.
Painters Melbourne Email Homepage
2019-6-7 12:10
Trusted, reliable and best painters in Melbourne. Residential and commercial painting and decorating. For painters Melbourne and decorators in Melbourne call us now on 1300 803 896.
activate avg antivirus Email Homepage
2019-6-7 13:24
Activate avg on your mac and pc.When you activate avg antivirus, it protects your device from unwanted threats and spywares. Below mentioned are the services provided by avg activationhttps://activationavg.com/https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-code/https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-page/https://activationavg.com/avg-retail-activation/https://activationavg.com/avg-ultimate-activation/<a href="https://activationavg.com/">activation.avg.com</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-code/">avg activation code</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-activation-page/">avg activation page</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-retail-activation/">avg retail activation</a><a href="https://activationavg.com/avg-ultimate-activation/">avg ultimate activation</a>
分页: 55/436 第一页 上页 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]