[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8351) | 引用(0) | 阅读(691066)
jakibadr Email Homepage
2016-5-27 19:52
عزيزنا العميل هل تبحث عن شركة نظافة تقدم لك كافة الخدمات التنظيفية بكامل الكفاءة والجوده ؟ هل تبحث عن شركة تقوم بتنظيف شقتك او فلتك او مجلسك ؟هل تبحث عن شركة تقدم لك خدمات تنظيف الموكيت والسجاد والوجهات الزجاجية وغيرها ؟اذا فانت علي موعد مع <a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/">شركة النظافة المثالية</a>والتى تقدم لك خدماتها بجودة متناهية النظير واسعار لن تجد لها مثيل في اي شركة اخريتهتم شركة النظافة المثالية بكسب ثقة عملائها الكرام والعمل علي تلبية كافة احتياجاتهم بالشكل المرضي والمقنع اتصل بنا عزيزنا العميل ولا تتردد في الاستعانة بشركتنامايميز شركة ا لنظافة المثاليةالخدمةتهتم الشركة بتقديم خدمة علي اعلي مستوى كما ان خدماتها لا تقتصر فقط علي اعمال النظافة فقط بل تمتد لتشمل خدمات العزل والمكافحة وغيرهاالكفاءةتتميز الشركة بالكفاءة والجودة في اداء العملالخبرةالشركة لديها خبره واسعة وباع طويل في مجال التنظيف فريق العمل المتكاملالشركة لديها فريق عمل مميز ومتكامل من المخصصين والفنيين والعماله المدربةالاسعارتقدم الشركة خدماتها بأسعار مناسبه وفي متناول جميع العملاءالمعداتتستخدم الشركة المعدات والالات الحديثة والمتطورة في التنظيفرد فعل العميلتهتم الشركة بمعرفة رد فعل العميل عن الخدمة المقدمة من قبل الشركةمجتمع العمل تهتم الشركة بدراسة مجتمع العمل ومعرفة ماينقصه من متطلبات الشكاوىتهتم الشركة بتلقي شكاوى العملاء والعمل علي فحصها جيداالمقترحاتتتلقي الشركة مقترحات العملاء الكرام وتعمل علي تنفيذها بقدر المستطاع<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/clean-villas-company-in-khobar/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالخبر</a>تقدم الشركة ايضا عزيزنا العميل خدمات تنظيف الفلل وتنظيف المدارس وتنظيف القصور وتنظيف المكاتب والمحلات ولدينا العديد من الفروع كى ناتى اليكم الى اى مكان فمثلا <a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-cleaning-company-khafji/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالخفجي</a>و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/clean-villas-ank-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بعنك</a> و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-noaryya-cleaning-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالنعيرية</a>و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-ahsa-cleaning-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالاحساء</a> و <a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-qatif-cleaning-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالقطيف</a>و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/clean-seihat-villas-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بسيهات</a>و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-dhahran-cleaning-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالظهران</a> و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-ras-tanura-cleaning-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل براس تنورة</a> و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-babakiq-cleaning-company/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالبقيق</a>و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-cleaning-company-in-jubail/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالجبيل</a>و<a href="https://cleanmethaly.com.sa/villas-cleaning-company-in-dammam/">شركة تنظيف فلل بالدمام</a>
صيانه جليم جاز Email Homepage
2017-3-14 17:01
الآن نقدم لكم اقوى خدمات الصيانة لكل اجهزة جليم جاز الكهربائية ، مثل صيانة جليم جاز للسخانات و ذلك من خلال زيارة فروع مراكز الصيانة المعتمدة الموجودة في جميع محافظات جمهورية مصر العربية .
تجهيزات فنادق Email
2017-3-16 16:49
اكبر شركات تجهيزات المطاعم و تجهيزات فنادق الان توفر لك الوقت و الجهد و المال علي يد مختصين في تجهيزات كل انواع المعدات و الديكور
تجهيزات فنادق Email Homepage
2017-3-16 16:50
اكبر شركات تجهيزات المطاعم و تجهيزات فنادق الان توفر لك الوقت و الجهد و المال علي يد مختصين في تجهيزات كل انواع المعدات و الديكور
صيانة يونيون Email Homepage
2017-3-16 19:31
خدمات صيانة يونيون اير الان بافضل الاسعار في كل المحافظات و نصل اليك اينما كنت  لتلقي كل خدمات الصيانة  علي يد افضل فريق مختص  في كل اعمال الصيانة
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:42
Reset AOL Mail Password – If you are a user of AOL Mail then you are aware of a great many features of AOL Mail and must have experienced them. The AOL Mail has very user-friendly ways to deal with the issues of their customer’s issues too. Such as in case you forget your password and want to change it for good. You can follow these steps to Reset AOL Mail Password.reset aol mail password
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:43
Norton, the world’s largest security software provides high-end protection against all kinds of threats and viruses lurking in the internet marking. These viruses, Trojan horses, scams and other malicious the software can harm important data and steal your confidential information (while accessing your bank account online). To get rid of this security issue, Norton has come up with a range of security software for both consumers and business PCs. You can choose any Norton security software from those mentioned below as per your specific requirements.norton.com/setupnorton.com/setup
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:44
Chargeback Representment is a process where a merchant fights back a chargeback by gathering evidence to prove that the transaction was completed properly and the charges imposed by the customer are not true. Armed with sufficient evidence against the request of the customer, the issuer then reverses the chargeback and the merchant is refunded. chargeback representment
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:50
Pogo Support - Call 1-844-456-8733 (US/CA) or 01444 39 0119 (UK) for Pogo-related issues. Any errors or issues will be fixed by us related to Pogo  Games.pogo support
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:51
Highrisk merchant Account generally means the merchant account for which the merchant receive a higher amount of refunds and chargebacks and thus considered as high risk business.highrisk merchant account
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:52
123.hp.com/setup – HP provides a vast range of peripheral devices such as DeskJet, OfficeJet, OfficeJet Pro, All-in-One and Envy printers etc. The HP printers use the latest technology and advanced features which helps you to print, copy and scan as well with ease. In order to use the HP printers, you need to install the Printers drivers on your system. 123.hp.com/setup
jordan Email Homepage
2018-7-21 16:52
Norton.com/setup Online Help – Step by Step guide for Norton Setup, Download & complete installation online. We are providing independent support service if in case you face problem to activate or Setup Norton product.  norton.com/setup
McAfeecomActivate Email Homepage
2018-7-30 18:42
McAfee.com/Activate - McAfee Antivirus one of the popular Antivirus and Security System around the Globe. It helps many usersto provide protection from the virus, trojan, spyware, and many similar threats. If you want to get started with McAfee then youhave to go through the steps to McAfee.com/Activate. Secure your PC, Laptop, Tablet, and Smartphones with McAfee Antivirus and follow these to McAfee.com/Activate on your respective device.
garmin.com/express Email Homepage
2018-8-25 01:40
Garmin.com/express - Garmin Express is an application which provides the ability to access, control and manage all other Garmin devices from one place. Furthermore, using Garmin.com/express you can manage your device downloads and updates. In addition, you can sync all your fitness data or other information and ensure accurate navigation even on streets.
norton.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-8-25 01:40
www.norton.com/setup - Let's get Started with Norton Security as we are here to get you the easiest way to Setup Norton Security. Feel free to contact us if you need any help.
webroot.com/safe Email Homepage
2018-8-25 01:40
Webroot.com/safe - Activate Your Webroot Com Safe on your laptop, PC, Smartphone etc &amp; secure your devices. Let's Get Started with Webroot Safe at www.Webroot.com/safe &amp; Activate Webroot Safe.
norton.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-8-30 21:54
We are living in an age where internet has been our uttermost need as our almost work is done on or via internet. With the ease of accessibility to the internet, the risk of getting viruses and spywares have also been increased. Therefore, having an antivirus on our computer is must. Being a customer, you will always look for such product which cost less but offer high quality services. You can get your hands on Norton Antivirus as it is one of the best antivirus which is used and trusted by millions of users worldwide. After purchasing your product, you can visit norton.com/setup and can proceed for the next procedure.norton.com/setup
paulfury Email Homepage
2018-9-1 01:50
Norton is one of the most popular antivirus which is highly known for protecting device and giving a one stop security solution to all the people worldwide. The company offers a great range of software solution which protect your desktops, laptops and mobile phones from the unwanted harmful online threats.norton.com/setup
paulfury Email Homepage
2018-9-1 01:51
Norton is one of the most popular antivirus which is highly known for protecting device and giving a one stop security solution to all the people worldwide. The company offers a great range of software solution which protect your desktops, laptops and mobile phones from the unwanted harmful online threats.norton.com/setup
Assignment help Email Homepage
2018-9-8 18:19
Many times students are tensed for their projects and assignments, so at that time they can take online assignment help to complete it on time. There are experts available online who prepare the perfect assignment for you.Assignment help
分页: 6/418 第一页 上页 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]