[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862543)
JACK Email Homepage
2019-9-14 17:53
Webroot Support by Experts. Webroot Inc. is a private American organization, which offers internet security for businesses and customers. The company was founded in Colorado, Boulder and it’s headquartered in Broomfield.webroot.com/safe
Rand McNally Dock Email Homepage
2019-9-14 19:07
Rand McNally Dock - Now Download the Software and do Rand McNally Update in order to Enjoy the Latest GPS Maps. Visit randmcnally.com/dock and Update Now.http://randmcnally-dock.com/
hookstefan Email Homepage
2019-9-14 19:58
Assignment Help Online is the online administration where students can get full learning in any scholastic session. The points are performed by the prerequisite of students as it were. https://www.allassignmenthelp.com/uk/
geek-squadweb-root Email Homepage
2019-9-16 13:28
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geek-squadweb-root.org/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>https://geek-squadweb-root.o...
Roadrunner Email Email Homepage
2019-9-16 17:32
Roadrunner Email or simply RR email is one of the most simplified and highly versatile web-based messaging service available in the market. It is among the most top-rated service provided by a well-reputed ISP (Internet Service Provider) by the name Time Warner Cable.
lily
2019-9-16 18:16
Buy CBD Oil 1500mg visit cbdlabscorp.com, the best manufacturer and seller of pure CBD Oil for anxiety, stress, pain and to improve concentration.
Mariaa
2019-9-16 18:21
Thinking of buying fake diplomas online visit cheaper-than-tuition they are the providers of realistic-looking fake diplomas, fake degrees, fake transcripts, fake GED online
alba009 Email
2019-9-16 19:29
As usual, great post. You keep amazing me with your content design and layout.https://www-mcafeeactivate.com
norton setup Email Homepage
2019-9-16 19:51
norton.com/setup – Download, install, and finally activate Norton setup with product activation key on norton.com/setup. For more information just visit our website or call our norton customer support number.
Roadrunner Email Homepage
2019-9-16 20:38
Roadrunner Email - Access Your TWC Email Account or do Roadrunner Login to Manage Your RR.com Email Account. Login to Your Roadrunner Mail Here.Roadrunner email
Mail.aol.com Email Homepage
2019-9-16 20:39
Mail.aol.com is a tried and tested tool for standard mailing requirements like sending and receiving mails.Mail.aol.com
robertsmith Homepage
2019-9-16 20:50
When you hire an SEO company, they will provide the best services to increase the online presence of the business. The best seo services provider India uses the top-notch techniques and strategies to increase increases brand awareness for small businesses, achieving higher ranking in the search engine and bringing in more traffic.
Maria
2019-9-17 13:53
Mohali's coworking office - Regal Hive is the best coworking space in Mohali with all the facilities you need visit regalhive.com to know more this.
Lily
2019-9-17 15:33
in the event that you happen to peruse this before you apply to a PhD program, these means will place you in an advantageous position for the recommendation that you send in alongside your program application also. Numerous PhD understudies don't figure out how to compose a great research proposition until a year or two into their examinations, by which time various subsidizing openings may as of now have cruised them by. In case you're yet to apply, learning this stuff currently will guarantee you're fit as a fiddle to start your investigations pay someone to write my essay uk.
Jesmine
2019-9-17 15:35
Stress what's happening. This, recall, is the year wherein you sell your advancement, and you've ideally been doing this with zeal for a while now - since you initially applied for a spot on a PhD program. Be that as it may, this truly is the most significant proportion of the estimation of PhD-level research for individuals who are assessing subsidizing applications. What are you offering to the field, and by what means will it be changed by your mediation? Ensure you're explicit about the intercession you're making, portraying not exactly how it difficulties existing parameters, strategies or convictions, yet in addition the presumptions it makes and the earlier mediations it expands on pay someone to write my essay uk.
hookstefan Email Homepage
2019-9-17 18:23
Way of expressing your knowledge through words, it touches my heart.
pay someone to write my essay
2019-9-17 19:16
Exposition composing is an aptitude which requests an investigative personality and basic assessment of the fundamental point. Expositions are the dynamic medium to convey your musings and express plans to a more extensive group of spectators. A solid order of paper composing can't just pick up you decent evaluations however it can likewise clear your approach to building a compensating vocation as an author. Numerous understudy battles with regards to article composing. There are no alternate ways to learning the craft of article composing; practice and perusing are the keys to being a skillful essayist. In any case, practice dependent on quality rules can fundamentally improve the exposition composing ability in a limited capacity to focus time. In the event that you are unnerved by the musings of exposition composing and quick to secure this aptitude, this post is an absolute necessity perused for you
downlaadada Email Homepage
2019-9-17 22:11
Engineering Assignment Help Email Homepage
2019-9-18 14:23
Get the best help for your engineering assignment from expert professionals at GotoAssignmentHelp. Hire experts and get the best result.
plombier sos Email Homepage
2019-9-18 19:02
https://profiles.wordpress.org/plombier360/https://sites.google.com/view/plombier-paris-1/accueil?authuser=8https://www.behance.net/michelfadishttps://www.bloglovin.com/@plombier360/
分页: 81/438 第一页 上页 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]