[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862547)
Trend Micro Login Email Homepage
2019-9-27 19:57
Trend Micro Login is a good choice when it comes to cybersecurity. For home and business user, it rapidly gives customize protection to the specific needs. It has global threat intelligence that uses predictive analytics for protection.
Trend Micro Login Email Homepage
2019-9-27 19:58
Trend Micro Login is a good choice when it comes to cybersecurity. For home and business user, it rapidly gives customize protection to the specific needs. It has global threat intelligence that uses predictive analytics for protection.
Trend Micro Login Email Homepage
2019-9-27 19:58
Trend Micro Login is a good choice when it comes to cybersecurity. For home and business user, it rapidly gives customize protection to the specific needs. It has global threat intelligence that uses predictive analytics for protection.
My.Avast.Com Email Homepage
2019-9-27 20:38
Avast is the best choice you can make for your cyberattack and malware. It researches and develops computer security software, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. My.avast.com is a URL for avast antivirus.http://myavast.org
jackberry
2019-9-28 01:04
Thanks for posting this article. Keep up the good work. I would really appreciate it if you could also check out our work and leave some feedback. Get best details on tamilrockers for better understand.
sohbet Email Homepage
2019-9-28 07:59
İnternet üzerinde pek çok sohbet sayfası var ve her birisinde kötü niyetli kullanıcılar da iyi niyetli kullanıcılar da mevcut. Bu yüzden güvenilir sohbet sayfası ya da tehlikeli sohbet sayfası diye bir şeyden söz edebilmek mümkün değil. Bununla birlikte kullanıcılar, amacına uygun bir sohbet sayfasını tercih ederse, bu onların, karşılaşmak istemeyeceği türde insanlarla karşılaşmamasına yardımcı olabilir. Amacı cinsellik olmayan birinin, cinsel içerikli sohbet sayfalarına girmemesi, istemediği bir tavırla karşılaşması ihtimalini kısmen de olsa azaltacaktır. Pek çok sohbet sayfasına mail adresi de dahil olmak üzere, herhangi bir kişisel bilgi kaydetmeden, o alınan geçici bir kullanıcı adıyla ulaşılabilmektedir. sohbet odaları          sohbet odaları http://hayalsohbet.net/forum
TomTom Update Email Homepage
2019-9-28 14:06
TomTom is a multinational developer & creator of navigation technology and consumer electronics. TomTom has a vast range of devices for navigation and electronics and this also needs regular updations. Here we are talking about updating your TomTom navigation device.http://tomtomupdates.uk
Officecomsetupco Email Homepage
2019-9-28 16:03
If you have purchased a Microsoft for many devices and want the most successful installation of Office Setup on most of them then this guide is for you personally. blog
Rand McNally Dock Email Homepage
2019-9-28 18:08
Rand McNally Dock - Now Download the Software and do Rand McNally Update in order to Enjoy the Latest GPS Maps. Visit randmcnally.com/dock and Update Now.http://randmcnally-dock.com/
BullGuard Login Email Homepage
2019-9-28 21:08
BullGuard Login - Now You may Sign in to Your BullGuard Account and Manage BullGuard Subscription, Billing Information and many more.http://bullguardlogin.uk/
airlines-booking.online Email Homepage
2019-9-30 02:35
We manage your travel on all domestic and international routes for any airline, offering the best services by our professional and Cheaper Airline Tickets, Cheap Airfares and Discount Flight Deals for the smart value. LIVE Travel Experts Avail.<ahref=”https://airlines-booking.online”>Delta Ticket Reservation</a>
Mcafee login Email Homepage
2019-9-30 14:54
Mcafee antivirus software has advanced technology that keeps you secure when shopping or banking online. Hence, just after completing the Mcafee login, you can access the various Mcafee products and services. http://www.mcafeecomactivates.uk
TomTom Home Email Homepage
2019-9-30 18:53
TomTom is a multinational developer & creator of navigation technology and consumer electronics. TomTom has a vast range of devices for navigation and electronics and this also needs regular updations. Here we are talking about updating your TomTom navigation device.http://tomtomupdates.uk
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-10-1 13:13
In this era of ever-evolving technologies, cybercrimes have rapidly increased and you can easily see malware and cyber threats attacking often and misleading the people as luring websites. The virus and malware infections can come in the face of funny baby videos, memes and other embedded programs in which you get indulged on a daily basis. Fortunately, there is an antivirus to fight back those advance viruses and malware programs. McAfee has been there as the most recommended antivirus software that has gained trust across the globe.With McAfee antivirus, you will get a wide range of antivirus software programs for complete protection of your computers, PCs, and laptops. To know about its programs and products, you can visit its official website www. anti-mcafee.com activate. The most appropriate and effective way to protect your data and device from malware, virus, and Trojans is to download, install and perform McAfee activate the process.  You can download and install the antivirus software from McAfee official website mcafee.com activate.mcafee.com/activate norton.com/setup mcafee.com/activate my-com-myaccount/mcafee my account Remember: You can also download and install the free or trial version of McAfee activate from its official website www mcafee com.
Rand McNally Dock Email Homepage
2019-10-1 13:17
Rand McNally Dock - Now Download the Software and do Rand McNally Update in order to Enjoy the Latest GPS Maps. Visit randmcnally.com/dock and Update Now.http://randmcnally-dock.com/
edwardcollin Email Homepage
2019-10-1 17:09
This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. We are providing support for <a href=”https://www.setupcanonprinter.com/blog/canon-pixma-ip2820-setup-printer/”>canon Pixma ip2820 wireless setup</a>. If you need the same, you can visit our website.
edwardcollin Email Homepage
2019-10-1 17:10
I appreciate your hard work for this wonderful content and information. I found this website eventually. Really good inoperative, Thanks for the post and effort! Please keep sharing more such blogs. So I am here to discuss the best jio gigafiber. Those places look more beautiful in winter.
norton.com/setup/uk Email Homepage
2019-10-1 19:46
Thanks for the Article.https://nortoncomsetup.uk.com
www.trendmicro.com besbuypc Email Homepage
2019-10-1 19:48
Thanks for Sharing this Article.http://www.en-trendmicro.com/bestbuypc
spirit airline pet policy Email Homepage
2019-10-1 20:06
If you are looking for the best airline service in which you want to travel with your pet then you need to choose spirit airline they have amazing policy to know more visit at spirit airline pet policy
分页: 84/438 第一页 上页 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]