[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8394) | 引用(0) | 阅读(711691)
roku.com/link Email Homepage
2019-10-20 14:57
Roku is a package of entertainment. The Roku channel is the Expansion of programming for new generation children. Roku Roku declares plans to Combined kids and family movies and TV together with the channel's other content, including subscriptions, its free, television, ad-supported movies, and live TV. roku.com/linkhttps://2019roku.com
www.trendmicro.com besbuypc Email Homepage
2019-10-21 18:08
Nice Blog, I have get enough information from your blog and I appreciate your way of writing.
www.trendmicro.com/downloadme Email Homepage
2019-10-21 19:53
Air Conditioning Repair Red Deer Homepage
2019-10-22 01:23
This was a good post. <a href="https://airconditioningreddeer.ca">Air Conditioning Repair Red Deer</a>Air Conditioning Repair Red Deer
Air Conditioning Repair Red Deer Homepage
2019-10-22 01:26
Good post.
Noida Escorts Email Homepage
2019-10-22 03:12
If you are getting bored and want to enjoy a female partner then you need to visit Noida escorts is the best place where you will get young and beautiful females.http://www.noidaescortservices.in/Noida escorts
AT&T mail support Email Homepage
2019-10-22 05:09
We are Assistance for All, the most loved AT&T mail support agency operating in the country. Dial our toll free number 1-877-916-7666 irrespective of your location around the country. You will get access to AT&T mail support helpline where all your issues will be solved by a qualified and experienced engineer.This is a toll free service that remains open at all times on all 7 days of the week. https://www.assistanceforall.com/services/email-support/att-email-support/https://www.assistanceforall.com/services/email-support/att-email-support/https://www.assistanceforall.com/services/email-support/att-email-support/
www.trendmicro.com/downloadme Email Homepage
2019-10-22 15:34
smith123d Email Homepage
2019-10-22 17:07
Hi I am John SmithI am a Professional  Software developer in United states of america if are You looking for software installation support in USA or other support then you can connect with me. Visit my websites  Thanks http://bt-mail.org/
smith123d Email Homepage
2019-10-22 17:08
Mcafee.com/activate extends well coordinated security sloutions stretching accross devices, endpoints, servers, clouds and on premise environments. In fact, it’s highly versatile range of customizable products are tailored to suit various platform and user requirements. Moreover, you get to choose from licenses covering single system upto 10 devices. http://www.mcafeeactivates.uk/
smith123d Email Homepage
2019-10-22 17:08
My.avast.com extends it’s world class security and privacy without complicating your lives. This is made possible by simple and easy to use User Interface. It allows quick access to regularly used key features. Moreover, homepage is customizable to suit your preferences. Consequently, it maintains an overall clean and uncluttered look for utmost convenience. http://my-avasts.com/
smith123d Email Homepage
2019-10-22 17:09
TomTom Home - Just Download and Install TomTom MyDrive Connect in order to do TomTom Update. Manage Your TomTom Devices Herehttp://tomtomhomes.uk/
smith123d Email Homepage
2019-10-22 17:09
Bitdefender Login provides automatic upgradation and continuous protection to your device. It gives you all-round protection for your home, business and enterprises. It has so many features to call it a complete next-generation protection.  http://bitdefender-login.com/
brendonjon Email Homepage
2019-10-22 19:52
Get required steps for office setup installation and download. Activate MS Office setup by entering Product key on Office.com/setup and get the most of Office utilities on your PC with no time.Office.com/setup
alienhalek Email Homepage
2019-10-23 12:26
Cenforce ProfessionalBuy cenforce professional 100 GM Pills online by using the credit card or PayPal account. Apply coupon code &amp; Win
micheljohnson Email Homepage
2019-10-23 14:46
Do you have no knowledge how to update Garmin Maps or how to upgrade Garmin map? Are you facing problems to update Garmin map? If yes, we are a complete technical guide. Don’t worry more, you need to contact us immediately to fix Garmin map update problems. To fix Garmin map update error, our trained experts will provide you the easy steps to update Garmin maps or upgrade it in the proper ways. They have good knowledge to sort out all types of obstacles appearing in the path of Garmin map update.
Jessicawatson Email Homepage
2019-10-23 17:13
Hi! No matter how intelligent you are, there would be a time when you might have to use the help of writing service. Therefore I would like to recommend you the website with the help of which you can make a perfect powerpoint presentation. https://300writers.com/hire-memo-writer-online.html
Jones Wilson Email Homepage
2019-10-23 18:58
I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work…REGARDS - office.com/setup - office.com/setup - office.com/setup
Cenforce Email Homepage
2019-10-24 12:01
FILDENA CT 50 MG  effectively treating Erectile Dysfunction in Men. Check out price, side effects, uses, dosage &amp; reviewshttps://www.genericday.com/fildena-ct-50-mg.html
分页: 89/420 第一页 上页 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]