[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8351) | 引用(0) | 阅读(691053)
AOL Support Number Email Homepage
2018-9-26 17:53
AOL Support Number - AIM Mail or AOL is a free webmail service provider that offers distinguished services and products that provide ease, security, and entertainment. The AOL Mail presents unlimited customer support, attractive designs,and standard mailbox features. It also provides protection to your devices, online and offline identity theft.Another fact about the AOL mail is it shows error when working. Some of the common issue is when it suddenly stops working. In such case, you can wait for at least 24 hr to fix the error on its own. For other issues, you can contact the AOL Support. If you are looking for methods to get the AOL Support then feel free to contact on the toll-free (800-827-6364) AOL Support Number given below.<a href="http://numbertocontact.com/emails/aol-support-number/">AOL Support Number</a>
Toshiba Printer Support Number Email Homepage
2018-9-26 18:16
Toshiba Printer Support Number-TOSHIBA is a Japanese multinational company that makes diversified products and services. The Toshiba printers have functionality and robustness of an industrial printer with ease to use a home printer. For ultimate networking utility, Toshiba Printer has advanced networking technology. In conclusion, this will help you to keep all your Printer connected and maximize the productivity.<a href="http://numbertocontact.com/printers/toshiba-printer-support-number/">Toshiba Printer Support Number</a>
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2018-9-26 18:25
mcafee.com/activate may be used in order to Activate McAfee Security. You may easily use the McAfee by going to the link and enter the 25 digit product key.McAfee is an antivirus which is available worldwide for devices like Computer, Laptop or Smartphones, and McAfee is one of the best 10 Antivirus according to all reviews in last 10 years. McAfee Security is used to secure the devices from Trojans, Attacks, Malware or any other activities which may harm the devices or network.<a href="http://mcafeeactivate.support/">mcafeeactivate.support</a>
canon.com/ijsetup Email Homepage
2018-9-26 18:32
Our professional canon.com-ijsetup.com/setup Tech Support team will help you resolve any problems related to Printer Setup and Configuration. We stand ready to offer you the best suitable solution.We provide support for all types of printers which include Installation, setup, driver downloads and troubleshooting support by our Printer Experts.Our highly skilled Printer Experts will provide you a One-Stop Solution for all of your printer issues.We provide complete setup and installation instructions for your Printer, technically assist in configuring your printer over a network and help you with troubleshooting your printer issues.<a href="http://canon.com-ijsetup.com/">canon.com/ijsetup</a>
canon.com/ijsetup Email Homepage
2018-9-26 18:32
Our professional canon.com-ijsetup.com/setup Tech Support team will help you resolve any problems related to Printer Setup and Configuration. We stand ready to offer you the best suitable solution.We provide support for all types of printers which include Installation, setup, driver downloads and troubleshooting support by our Printer Experts.Our highly skilled Printer Experts will provide you a One-Stop Solution for all of your printer issues.We provide complete setup and installation instructions for your Printer, technically assist in configuring your printer over a network and help you with troubleshooting your printer issues.<a href="http://canon.com-ijsetup.com/">canon.com/ijsetup</a>
Hp Printer Offline Email Homepage
2018-9-26 18:56
HP Printer Offline – HP is a well-known name in the market of the Printer and Scanner. If you have used one of the HP Product then you would have known about the HP Product and their services. Moreover, they provide a very effective support service to their users. Most recently, many of our HP Printer users have had a same HP Printer Offline issue. In this case, the HP Printer does not respond to any print job.<a href="https://contactassistance.com/hp-printer-offline/">Hp Printer Offline</a>
cc
2018-9-26 22:41
AA
2018-9-26 22:56
BeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeing univers med tunisie adresse , BeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeing univers med tunisie avis , www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UmeN3iFY3c , BeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeing
AA
2018-9-26 22:57
BeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeing  univers med tunisie avis , BeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeingBeing www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVksnTMCBYs ,
Lucia Email
2018-9-26 23:32
amzing website, love it. great work done. Thanx for sharing with us, keep postings office.com/setup
Lucia Email
2018-9-27 00:37
Thanks for sharing this marvelous post. I m very pleased to read this article .I enjoy this site - its so usefull and helpfull.office.com/setup | norton.com/setup
Lucia Email
2018-9-27 00:41
John morrison Email Homepage
2018-9-27 23:26
Office.com/setup- Learn how to download, install, activate, and uninstall Microsoft Office Setup on different devices and operating systems such as Mac and Windows. Activate your 25 character alphanumeric product key for Office 365, Office 2016, Office 2013, Office 2010, or Office 2007 .
Stephen Email Homepage
2018-9-28 01:31
Norton.com/Setup - You might have been looking for a proper guide that helps you in downloading, installing and activating the Norton Product key. Visit www.norton.com/setup and proceed for the Norton installation setup. Get Norton help at Norton Customer support toll free number.
Stephen Email Homepage
2018-9-28 01:31
Norton.com/Setup - You might have been looking for a proper guide that helps you in downloading, installing and activating the Norton Product key. Visit www.norton.com/setup and proceed for the Norton installation setup. Get Norton help at Norton Customer support toll free number.
Steve Rogers Email Homepage
2018-9-28 01:53
Office.com/setup – After purchasing Microsoft Office setup, you need to download it from your account. Click on the Install button and then activate the setup by going to www.office.com/setup and entering the activation key.
imnorrisdean Email
2018-9-28 17:33
This is really helpful post, very informative there is no doubt about it. I found this one pretty fascinating.norton.com/setup
ericpinciotti Email
2018-9-28 18:48
These type of articles keeps the users interest in the website. I found this one pretty fascinating and it should go into my collection. I am Impressed. Please keep going to write more content...mcafee.com/activate
Chromecast.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-9-29 14:55
Chromecast.com/setup – Designed and Developed by Google, this device allows the user to live stream video content directly on their Television. The Google Chromecast is designed as a small dongle that enables the user to use the internet to stream audio-visual content in high-definition. Google’s Chromecast is a cute little circular dongle (or a thick thumb drive, if you have an earlier model) that takes video and audio from a smartphone, tablet, laptop, Mac or PC, and stream a TV.<a href="http://mychromecastsetup.com">Chromecast.com/setup</a>
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2018-9-29 14:56
Microsoft Office setup has a wide range of products with different features.These versions include office setup 2016, office setup 365, office setup Home & Student and much more. For All these products you will need a Microsoft office account to access the full features of office setup. If you use services like Outlook, OneDrive, & Skype then you should definitely have a Microsoft account. Recommended links for installing Microsoft office setup are www.office.com/setup , office.com/setup , setup.office.com . Join us today & find the possible, your business needs office 365 & office 2016 <a href="http://www.officecomsetup.xyz">office.com/setup</a>
分页: 9/418 第一页 上页 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]