[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
3、编译安装varnish:
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
输入以下内容:
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
在末尾增加以下内容:
8、优化Linux内核参数
在末尾增加以下内容:
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。
在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。
下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}
acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}
这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish:
1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
(1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者 vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
my.avast.com
2019-11-12 17:25
My.avast.com extends it’s world class security and privacy without complicating your lives. This is made possible by simple and easy to use User Interface. It allows quick access to regularly used key features. Moreover, the homepage is customizable to suit your preferences. Consequently, it maintains an overall clean and uncluttered look for utmost convenience.
TomTom Home
2019-11-12 17:25
TomTom Home - Just Download and Install TomTom MyDrive Connect in order to do TomTom Update. Manage Your TomTom Devices Here
office.com/setup
2019-11-12 17:25
Microsoft Office includes products for business, home, and enterprises. It offers various applications and services for example Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access, Publisher, Outlook, etc. It is helpful in creating spreadsheets and presentations for both the Office and Home use. To use any product of Office, you need to install it on your device. Hence, for office.com/setup, follow the below-given guide.
Garmin Express
2019-11-12 17:26
Garmin Express is a comprehensive management console designed for the users of innovative Garmin devices. It is an intuitive one-stop application that facilitates hassle-free management and operations of state-of-the-art Garmin devices. It allows users to set up, register, manage and update all of their Garmin devices. Besides, it gives them the opportunity to personalize their device and unleash its full potential.
Camps.intuit.com
2019-11-12 17:26
Camps.intuit.com is a customer account management portal for Quickbooks desktop. Therefore, with the help of this portal, you can manage your Quickbooks desktop account in one place. Hence, it is necessary to create an Intuit account to access any of Intuit’s products. Just after completing the Intuit login process, you can access Quickbooks.
turbotax login
2019-11-12 17:26
TurboTax Login - Sign in to Your MyTurboTax Account to Manage different Services like check the e-file, start, continue or amend a tax return and many more.
Steve Smith
2019-11-12 18:21
Garmin Express is an application that helps you to manage and update your Garmin devices. You can use this app to update the software, register your device, update your maps and create a backup of copies. It allows you to save various maps and preferred locations. http://garminexpress.express/
Steve Smith
2019-11-13 13:43
I am here to solve your problem . http://my-roku-login.com/http://garminexpress.express/ .
activationkaspersky
2019-11-13 14:37
Activation.kaspersky.com antivirus for your mac and pc.Below mentioned are the services provided by activation.kaspersky.comhttps://www-activationkaspersky.com/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-kaspersky-on-second-computer/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-my-kaspersky-code/https://www-activationkaspersky.com/install-kaspersky-already-purchased/<a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/">activation.kaspersky.com</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-kaspersky-on-second-computer/">activate kaspersky on second computer</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/activate-my-kaspersky-code/">activate my kaspersky code</a><a href="https://www-activationkaspersky.com/install-kaspersky-already-purchased/">install kaspersky already purchased</a>
Steve Smith
2019-11-13 15:58
I am here to solve your problem . http://garminexpress.express/http://tomtomupdates.uk/http://www.mcafeecomactivates.uk/mcafee-download/
geeksquadwebroot
2019-11-13 17:12
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad/">webroot geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad-download/">webroot geeksquad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-install-geek-squad/">webroot install geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geek-squad-download/">webroot.com geek squad download</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad-download/https://geeksquad...
nortonlogin
2019-11-13 18:15
Norton Login – Norton is the amazing software utility that you can use for the removal of rigid virus from the computer. This antivirus is world popular application and currently using by crore’s of its users. It mean its feature and services are genuine. <a href="http://norton-login.org">Install Norton on Windows</a> So that people liking it more and more. So lets go for it.Easily you can contact support of the Norton for 24*7 .
michaelhope
2019-11-13 20:10
Excellent information you have shared, thanks for taking the time to share with us such a great article.I really appreciate your work.Boho dresses
Roadrunner Email
2019-11-14 14:05
Roadrunner Email is a web-based email service that is accepted as the most efficient and quality service by the experts. You will get this service complimentary on purchasing the Spectrum internet connection.
McAfee.com/Activate
2019-11-14 14:06
mcafee.com/activatewww.mcafee.com/activateEnter your code, Log in, Get protected. Enter your 25-digit activation code . . . Look for it on the card you purchased. Where is my 25-digit activation code?
Microsoft office
2019-11-14 14:06
Microsoft office provides a complete package of various applications that are used by businesses, educational institutions and homes. It comprises a large number of products for various purposes. It includes Microsoft Office, Excel, Powerpoint that is used to create spreadsheets, make labels and produce presentations for your home or office. To use any of the Microsoft products, you have to download and install it.Office.com/Setup | Office.com | Microsoft office |
Norton.co
2019-11-14 14:09
Norton is an anti-virus and anti-malware software which offers various products related to digital security. It is an industry-leading software which is reputed for its real-time protection and various comprehensive features. It helps in securing your device with ultimate protection from existing and emerging security risks. For utmost protection, Norton uses six layers of protection. It can quickly and accurately detect and remove viruses and other online threats from your system.Norton.com/Setupnorton safe search | norton antivirus您的昵称已被他人注册,请更换,给您带来的不便请谅解。如果您是该ID的所有者,请确认您的密码是否正确。
turbo
2019-11-14 14:10
Turbotax Login | a user-friendly interface that helps in planning and preparing your income tax and makes the complex processes more simplified. With Turbotax, you can file your tax returns by yourself even if you don’t have a previous tax knowledge and experience. This software will provide a step by step guide for both federal and state income tax returns. Turbotax aims to meet the exact or specific needs of its users. Hence, it updates the Turbotax software annually. This helps in providing its users with accurate tax returns filings
Quickbooks Login
2019-11-14 14:11
QuickBooks is a comprehensive and robust software suite designed to manage the accounting and financial aspects of businesses. This innovative and user-friendly tool is a product of a globally acclaimed software development company by the name Intuit. QuickBooks Login | quickbooks online |
Quickbooks Login
2019-11-14 14:11
Webroot provides internet security for customers and businesses. It gives complete protection for viruses and identity theft for all your devices. Webroot operates ur system on a regular basis and increasesperformance of the computer. It is an efficient antivirus dat focuses on security and speed. Whenever u access any website, it avoids fraud websites and downloads ur software only from trusted websites.Webroot.com/Safe
分页: 95/436 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99