[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.0 最后修改:2008.10.28 转载请注明原文链接:http://blog.zyan.cc/post/375/]

  VPS(全称Virtual Private Server)是利用最新虚拟化技术在一台物理服务器上创建多个相互隔离的虚拟私有主机。它们以最大化的效率共享硬件、软件许可证以及管理资源。对其用户和应用程序来讲,每一个VPS平台的运行和管理都与一台独立主机完全相同,因为每一个VPS均可独立进行重启并拥有自己的root访问权限、用户、IP地址、内存、过程、文件、应用程序、系统函数库以及配置文件。

  VPS服务器最重要的指标就是内存大小,多个VPS服务器可以共享一颗CPU,但不能共享同一块内存。内存越大,价格越贵。

  下面,以我的博客所在的VPS为例,介绍在128M内存下对 Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI)+ MySQL 5.1 的优化。

  至于 Nginx + PHP + MySQL 的安装配置,可参见:《Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI)搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器(第4版)



  优化后的效果:

  提供HTTP服务的1个Nginx进程占用11M物理内存,5个php-cgi进程每个占用8M左右物理内存,1个MySQL服务器占用7M物理内存,加上两个占用内存不大的Nginx和php-cgi父进程,Nginx + PHP + MySQL 系列总共只占用47.7%的物理内存,即62M物理内存(128M * 47.7% ≈ 62M)。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  另外,VPS服务器系统自身和其它程序也会使用一些内存,但128M内存的VPS已经够用。总体而言,经过优化后,128M内存的VPS跑 Nginx + PHP + MySQL 效果不错。当然,如果有Money购买更大内存的VPS,就更好了。



  优化项如下:

  一、增加256M的swap交换文件
  1、创建并激活swap交换文件
cd /var/
dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=262144
/sbin/mkswap swapfile
/sbin/swapon swapfile


  2、加到fstab文件中让系统引导时自动启动
vi /etc/fstab

在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
/var/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

  详见:http://blog.zyan.cc/post/374.htm



  二、Nginx 0.7.19 的主配置文件(nginx.conf)优化
引用
user  www www;


#Nginx每个进程耗费10M~12M内存,这里只开启一个Nginx进程,节省内存。
worker_processes 1;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

#charset  gb2312;
    
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

#对网页文件、CSS、JS、XML等启动gzip压缩,减少数据传输量,提高访问速度。
gzip on;
gzip_min_length  1k;
gzip_buffers     4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;


#limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

server
{
   listen       80;
   server_name  blog.zyan.cc www.zyan.cc zyan.cc *.zyan.cc;
   index index.html index.htm index.php;
   root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

   #limit_conn   crawler  20;    

   #针对Bo-Blog系统的Rewrite静态化
   rewrite ^/post/([0-9]+).htm$ /read.php?$1 last;
   rewrite ^/post/([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /read.php?$1&page=$2 last;
   rewrite ^/post/([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /read.php?$1&page=$2&part=$3 last;
   rewrite ^/index_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?mode=$1&page=$2 last;
   rewrite ^/star_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /star.php?mode=$1&page=$2 last;
   rewrite ^/category_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?go=category_$1 last;
   rewrite ^/category_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?go=category_$1&mode=$2&page=$3 last;
   rewrite ^/archive_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?go=archive&cm=$1&cy=$2 last;
   rewrite ^/archive_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?go=archive&cm=$1&cy=$2&mode=$3&page=$4 last;
   rewrite ^/showday_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?go=showday_$1-$2-$3 last;
   rewrite ^/showday_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?go=showday_$1-$2-$3&mode=$4&page=$5 last;

   location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
   {
     #将Nginx与FastCGI的通信方式由TCP改为Unix Socket。TCP在高并发访问下比Unix Socket稳定,但Unix Socket速度要比TCP快。
     fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
     #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

     fastcgi_index index.php;
     include fcgi.conf;
   }

   location ~ /read.php
   {
     #将Nginx与FastCGI的通信方式由TCP改为Unix Socket。TCP在高并发访问下比Unix Socket稳定,但Unix Socket速度要比TCP快。
     fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
     #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

     fastcgi_index index.php;
     include fcgi.conf;
   }
  
   #博客的图片较多,更改较少,将它们在浏览器本地缓存15天,可以提高下次打开我博客的页面加载速度。
   location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
   {
     expires      15d;
   }


   #博客会加载很多JavaScript、CSS,将它们在浏览器本地缓存1天,访问者在看完一篇文章或一页后,再看另一篇文件或另一页的内容,无需从服务器再次下载相同的JavaScript、CSS,提高了页面显示速度。
   location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
   {
     expires      1d;
   }  


   log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
             '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
             '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
   access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
   }
}




  三、PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI)的配置优化
  1、php.ini 配置文件中关于eAcelerator的优化。只使用1M共享内存,删除所有在最后3600秒内无法存取的脚本缓存,用磁盘辅助进行缓存。
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"


  2、php-fpm.conf 的配置优化
  修改两项,一是修改以下一行,将启动的php-cgi进程数由原来的128个改为5个:
引用
<value name="max_children">5</value>

  二是修改以下一行,将TCP模式改为Unix Socket模式:
引用
<value name="listen_address">/tmp/php-cgi.sock</value>




  四、MySQL 5.1.26 配置优化
  1、使用以下参数编译安装的 MySQL 5.1 默认支持4种存储引擎:CSV、MRG_MYISAM、MEMORY、MyISAM,不支持InnoDB存储引擎。由于内存有限,而InnoDB耗费的内存较大,这里推荐使用MyISAM存储引擎。
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install


  2、MySQL 5.1 配置文件(my.cnf)优化
引用
[client]
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
prompt="(\u:s135:)[\d]> "
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/data
open_files_limit    = 600
back_log = 20
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 200
table_cache = 60
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 128K
join_buffer_size = 128K
thread_cache_size = 10
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 0M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-UNCOMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 512K
max_heap_table_size = 32M
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data/slow.log
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data/error.log
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
server-id = 1
#log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 2M
max_binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M




Tags: , , , ,



技术大类 » Web服务器 | 评论(164) | 引用(0) | 阅读(192522)
seo
2025-5-1 19:11
In the form of Inexperienced, Now i'm once and for good seeking via the internet just for articles or reviews which has been about help others. With thanks.  일산 비지니스룸
sdfdfsgds Email
2025-5-1 20:33
I am impressed. I don't think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here.  가상계좌 사이트
seo
2025-5-1 22:01
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I'll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. Big thanks for the useful info.  폰테크
seo
2025-5-3 21:14
I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading.  사이트모음
asd Email
2025-5-3 21:26
Really I enjoy your site with effective and useful information. It is included very nice post with a lot of our resources.thanks for share. i enjoy this post.  crypto-tax-software.com
seo
2025-5-13 20:59
This really is therefore stunning as well as innovative. I simply adore the actual colours as well as whomever will get this within the postal mail is going to be grinning.  해외선물 나스닥
seo
2025-5-13 22:21
We have not too long ago started out any website, the knowledge an individual offer on this web site provides aided myself tremendously. Thank you regarding your entire moment & perform.  agenolx slot
dfdsfsd Email
2025-5-14 15:22
I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to check out the new stuff you post.  해외선물 임대
asd Email
2025-5-14 18:45
It is a great website.. The Design looks very good.. Keep working like that!.  해외선물 분양
seo
2025-5-15 01:14
Boost your betting experience with 1xBet’s 1X200FOX promo code. Get a 130% bonus on your first deposit. It’s fast, easy, and gives you more to play with!  1xbet best promo code
asd Email
2025-5-15 16:59
I just couldn't leave your website before telling you that I truly enjoyed the top quality info you present to your visitors? Will be back again frequently to check up on new posts.  BK8
asd Email
2025-5-15 17:05
Nice to read your article! I am looking forward to sharing your adventures and experiences.  https://www.movilgalaxy.com/
asd Email
2025-5-15 19:13
I think this is one of the most significant information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But should remark on some general things, The web site style is perfect, the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers  Xổ số
asd Email
2025-5-15 19:19
If you set out to make me think today; mission accomplished! I really like your writing style and how you express your ideas. Thank you.  เพิ่มไลค์
DSFDAS Email
2025-5-15 20:39
We have sell some products of different custom boxes.it is very useful and very low price please visits this site thanks and please share this post with your friends.  코인선물 임대
sad Email
2025-5-17 15:34
I am impressed. I don't think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here.  ags auto parts
sad Email
2025-5-17 15:39
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work.  해외선물 대여업체
asd Email
2025-5-17 16:52
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can't help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!THANKS!!!!!!  해외선물 모의투자
asd Email
2025-5-17 16:52
I really appreciate the kind of topics you post here. Thanks for sharing us a great information that is actually helpful. Good day!  해외선물 사이트
sd Email
2025-5-18 16:07
I am impressed. I don't think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here.  Situs Slot Deposit Pulsa
分页: 8/9 第一页 上页 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]